园艺与种苗
園藝與種苗
완예여충묘
Rain Fed Crops
2011年
4期
6-10,28
,共6页
何贤芳%赵莉%朱昭进%王青%汪建来
何賢芳%趙莉%硃昭進%王青%汪建來
하현방%조리%주소진%왕청%왕건래
小麦%株型性状%产量%生物学产量%控株-增穗-增叶
小麥%株型性狀%產量%生物學產量%控株-增穗-增葉
소맥%주형성상%산량%생물학산량%공주-증수-증협
Wheat%Plant-type%Yield components%Biomass%Controlling plant type-increasing numbers ofears-increasing efficient leaf area index
【目的】研究小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量的关系，探讨淮北地区高产小麦品种适宜的株型结构。【方法】以10个小麦品种（系）为试验材料，研究不同品种（系）的株型性状（株高、穗长、穗颈长、例二节长、倒三节长、倒四节长、基部节间长与冠层上三叶长、宽、面积、单茎上三叶面积、高效LAI）与产量相关性状（产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、经济系数）及生物学产量之间的相关性。【结果】产量与旗叶宽、旗叶面积、倒二叶宽、穗长呈显著或极显著正相关；而株型性状中仅有高效LAI与生物学产量相关达到极显著水平。【结论】安徽淮北地区高产小麦适宜的株型及群体：在较高经济系数的前提下，穗数675万/hm2以上，株高80cm左右，穗长10cm以上，穗颈长30cm左右，基部节间长不超过50cm；叶片短、宽、挺，旗叶长17～21cm，旗叶宽1．4～1．6cm；倒二叶长19～25cm，倒二叶宽1.3～1．5cm；倒三叶长19—26cm，倒三叶宽1．3～1．6cm，高效LAI4．5～5．0；“控株-增穗-增叶”可能是安徽淮北地区小麦实现超高产的有效途径。
【目的】研究小麥株型性狀與產量性狀及生物學產量的關繫，探討淮北地區高產小麥品種適宜的株型結構。【方法】以10箇小麥品種（繫）為試驗材料，研究不同品種（繫）的株型性狀（株高、穗長、穗頸長、例二節長、倒三節長、倒四節長、基部節間長與冠層上三葉長、寬、麵積、單莖上三葉麵積、高效LAI）與產量相關性狀（產量、有效穗數、穗粒數、韆粒重、經濟繫數）及生物學產量之間的相關性。【結果】產量與旂葉寬、旂葉麵積、倒二葉寬、穗長呈顯著或極顯著正相關；而株型性狀中僅有高效LAI與生物學產量相關達到極顯著水平。【結論】安徽淮北地區高產小麥適宜的株型及群體：在較高經濟繫數的前提下，穗數675萬/hm2以上，株高80cm左右，穗長10cm以上，穗頸長30cm左右，基部節間長不超過50cm；葉片短、寬、挺，旂葉長17～21cm，旂葉寬1．4～1．6cm；倒二葉長19～25cm，倒二葉寬1.3～1．5cm；倒三葉長19—26cm，倒三葉寬1．3～1．6cm，高效LAI4．5～5．0；“控株-增穗-增葉”可能是安徽淮北地區小麥實現超高產的有效途徑。
【목적】연구소맥주형성상여산량성상급생물학산량적관계，탐토회북지구고산소맥품충괄의적주형결구。【방법】이10개소맥품충（계）위시험재료，연구불동품충（계）적주형성상（주고、수장、수경장、례이절장、도삼절장、도사절장、기부절간장여관층상삼협장、관、면적、단경상삼협면적、고효LAI）여산량상관성상（산량、유효수수、수립수、천립중、경제계수）급생물학산량지간적상관성。【결과】산량여기협관、기협면적、도이협관、수장정현저혹겁현저정상관；이주형성상중부유고효LAI여생물학산량상관체도겁현저수평。【결론】안휘회북지구고산소맥괄의적주형급군체：재교고경제계수적전제하，수수675만/hm2이상，주고80cm좌우，수장10cm이상，수경장30cm좌우，기부절간장불초과50cm；협편단、관、정，기협장17～21cm，기협관1．4～1．6cm；도이협장19～25cm，도이협관1.3～1．5cm；도삼협장19—26cm，도삼협관1．3～1．6cm，고효LAI4．5～5．0；“공주-증수-증협”가능시안휘회북지구소맥실현초고산적유효도경。
[Objective] The study was aimed to probe the key indices for ideal plant-type structure of high-yielding wheat in Huaibei region. [Methodl Ten wheat varieties （or lines）, suitable for cultivation under Anhui ecological conditions, were chosen as the experimental materials to study the relationships between plant-type traits （plant height, spike length, length of first, second, third and fourth nodes, basal internodes length, the length, width and area of canopy top three leaves, the area of stem top three leaves and efficient LAI） and biomass ＆ yield components （number of spikes, grain number, 1 000-grain weight, harvest index,）. [Results] For most of the varieties （or lines） studied, grain yieht was significantly correlated to flag leaf area, spike length and width of canopy top two leaves. For all the studied plant- type traits, biomass was significantly related to efficient LAI. [Conclusion] Under high yield expectation, the ideal plant-type structure of wheat in Huaibei region is： spike number 6 750 000/hm2, plant height 80 cm, ear length above 10 cm, spike neck length 30 cm, basal internodes length less than 50 cm： short, wide leaves, efficient LAI varying from 4.5 to 5.0. It is probably an efficient and feasible strategy for super-high wheat production in Huaibei region as developing suitable plant shape, increasing the number of ears and efficient leaf area index.
