CAJ | 학술논문

目的：掌握无锡市学龄前儿童健康状况及变化趋势，为卫生行政部门制定学龄前儿童常见病管理方案提供科学依据。方法收集、整理、分析2011至2013年无锡市托幼机构卫生保健工作统计年报表。结果3年间肥胖、营养不良、龋齿和视力不良患病率均有逐年上升趋势，均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为68．851、99．600、14．774和100．218，均P＜0．05）。儿童的常见病患病情况在不同地区、不同性质和不同类别的托幼机构均有统计学意义，贫血患病率：农村高于城市（χ2＝1494．640，P＜0．001），民办园高于公办园（χ2＝15．847，P＜0．05），省优质园高于市优质园和合格园（χ2＝35．542，P＜0．001）；肥胖患病率：城市高于农村（χ2＝1525．640，P＜0．001），民办园高于公办园（χ2＝19．082，P＜0．05），省优质园高于市优质园和合格园（χ2＝120．063，P＜0．001）；营养不良患病率：农村高于城市（χ2＝4．820，P＜0．05），民办园高于公办园（χ2＝186．998，P＜0．001），合格园高于省优质园和市优质园（χ2＝123．046，P＜0．001）；龋患率：城市高于农村（χ2＝7．220，P＜0．05），民办园高于公办园（χ2＝106．106，P＜0．001），合格园高于省优质园和市优质园（χ2＝76．578，P＜0．001）；视力不良率：城市高于农村（χ2＝12．188，P＜0．05），公办园高于民办园（χ2＝82．549，P＜0．001），省优质园高于市优质园和合格园（χ2＝163．709，P＜0．001）。结论视力不良、龋齿和肥胖是无锡市托幼机构儿童的主要健康问题，今后要进一步加强对学龄前儿童常见病的干预，保障儿童的身心健康。
목적：장악무석시학령전인동건강상황급변화추세，위위생행정부문제정학령전인동상견병관리방안제공과학의거。방법수집、정리、분석2011지2013년무석시탁유궤구위생보건공작통계년보표。결과3년간비반、영양불량、우치화시력불량환병솔균유축년상승추세，균유통계학의의（χ2치분별위68．851、99．600、14．774화100．218，균P＜0．05）。인동적상견병환병정황재불동지구、불동성질화불동유별적탁유궤구균유통계학의의，빈혈환병솔：농촌고우성시（χ2＝1494．640，P＜0．001），민판완고우공판완（χ2＝15．847，P＜0．05），성우질완고우시우질완화합격완（χ2＝35．542，P＜0．001）；비반환병솔：성시고우농촌（χ2＝1525．640，P＜0．001），민판완고우공판완（χ2＝19．082，P＜0．05），성우질완고우시우질완화합격완（χ2＝120．063，P＜0．001）；영양불량환병솔：농촌고우성시（χ2＝4．820，P＜0．05），민판완고우공판완（χ2＝186．998，P＜0．001），합격완고우성우질완화시우질완（χ2＝123．046，P＜0．001）；우환솔：성시고우농촌（χ2＝7．220，P＜0．05），민판완고우공판완（χ2＝106．106，P＜0．001），합격완고우성우질완화시우질완（χ2＝76．578，P＜0．001）；시력불량솔：성시고우농촌（χ2＝12．188，P＜0．05），공판완고우민판완（χ2＝82．549，P＜0．001），성우질완고우시우질완화합격완（χ2＝163．709，P＜0．001）。결론시력불량、우치화비반시무석시탁유궤구인동적주요건강문제，금후요진일보가강대학령전인동상견병적간예，보장인동적신심건강。
Objective To master health status of preschool children in Wuxi City and to provide scientific basis for management of common diseases in preschool children for administrative department of public health.Methods Statistical statements of health care work reported by nurseries in Wuxi City from 2011 to 2013 were collected, sorted and analyzed.Results In these three years the prevalence of obesity, malnutrition, dental caries and poor vision was significantly rising year by year (χ2 value was 68.851,99.600, 14.774 and 100.218, respectively, all P<0.05).The differences in common diseases of children living in different regions and different nurseries were significant.The prevalence of anemia was higher in rural areas (χ2 =1 494.64, P<0.001), in nurseries set up by local people and in provincial excellent nurseries than in urban areas, in state-run nurseries, and in city excellent or qualified nurseries (χ2 value was 1 494.640, 15.847 and 35.542, respectively, all P<0.001).The prevalence of obesity was higher in urban areas, in nurseries set up by local people and in provincial excellent nurseries than in rural areas, in state-run nurseries, and in city excellent or qualified nurseries (χ2 value was 1 525.640,19.082 and 120.063, respectively, all P<0.05).Compared with rural areas, nurseries set up by local people and qualified nurseries, the prevalence of malnutrition was lower in urban areas, state-run nurseries, provincial excellent nurseries and city excellent nurseries (χ2 value was 4.820, 186.998 and 123.046, respectively, all P<0.05).The prevalence of dental caries was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (χ2 =7.220, P<0.05), in nurseries set up by local people than in state-run nurseries (χ2 =106.106, P<0.001), in qualified nurseries than in provincial excellent nurseries and city excellent nurseries (χ2 =76.578, P<0.001).The prevalence of poor vision in urban areas, in state-run nurseries and in provincial excellent nurseries was higher than in rural areas (χ2 =12.188, P<0.05), in nurseries set up by local people (χ2 =82.549, P<0.001) and in city excellent nurseries and qualified nurseries (χ2 =163.709, P<0.001).Conclusion Poor vision, dental caries and obesity are major health problems of children in nurseries in Wuxi City.Intervention of common diseases in preschool children should be strengthened in the future to ensure the physical and mental health of children.