CAJ | 학술논문

干旱是影响我国农业生产最严重的灾害之一.2009年初北方冬麦区出现了严重的气象干旱,但由于苗情基础好和底墒充足,以作物长势为标准的农业干旱大部地区较轻、仅局部较重.虽然河南、安徽两省抗旱保麦取得一定成效,但从整个北方冬麦区看,仍有不少经验教训值得总结和吸取.对干旱的认识与对策存在一系列误区,特别是混淆了气象干旱与农业干旱、冻害与干旱、突发型灾害与累积型灾害的区别,把抗旱简单等同于浇水,轻视农艺抗旱,一些媒体的过分炒作违背科学且不符实际.分析2009年北方小麦仍然获得丰收的原因时,指出少数麦田受旱受冻较重的根源在于播种质量差,并对今后如何提高科学抗旱水平提出了若干基本原则和具体建议.
간한시영향아국농업생산최엄중적재해지일.2009년초북방동맥구출현료엄중적기상간한,단유우묘정기출호화저상충족,이작물장세위표준적농업간한대부지구교경、부국부교중.수연하남、안휘량성항한보맥취득일정성효,단종정개북방동맥구간,잉유불소경험교훈치득총결화흡취.대간한적인식여대책존재일계렬오구,특별시혼효료기상간한여농업간한、동해여간한、돌발형재해여루적형재해적구별,파항한간단등동우요수,경시농예항한,일사매체적과분초작위배과학차불부실제.분석2009년북방소맥잉연획득봉수적원인시,지출소수맥전수한수동교중적근원재우파충질량차,병대금후여하제고과학항한수평제출료약간기본원칙화구체건의.
Drought is one of the most serious disasters that affect agricultural production in China.Winter wheat region in northern China experienced a severe meteorological drought in early 2009.But because of good seedling growth before the winter and adequate bottom soil moisture,the crop drought except some areas was not so serious.Although certain successes are achieved in combating drought to protect wheat in Henan and Anhui provinces,for the entire winter wheat region in northern China,some experiences and lessons should be summarized and learned.There exist some misunderstandings for drought and countermeasures,for instance,confusion of meteorological drought with agricultural drought,freezing damage with drought and unexpected disasters with accumulated disasters. In some areas,people only pay attention to irrigation, instead of agronomic techniques.In fact the latter is more effective sometimes.The unrealistic media hype deviates sciences.The analysis on the reasons of bumper harvest of winter wheat in northern China in 2009 indicates that the most important cause of serious damage of drought and freezing in some areas is poor sowing quality.Some basic principles and suggestions for improving combating drought in scientific way are proposed.