CAJ | 학술논문

以区域气候模式RegCM3和普林斯顿海洋模式POM为基础,建立了一个区域海气耦合模式,对1963-2002年中国夏季气候进行模拟,重点分析该耦合模式对中国夏季降水的模拟性能以及降水模拟改进的可能原因.结果表明:耦合模式对中国夏季雨带分布的模拟明显优于控制试验(单独的大气模式),对长江流域以及华南降水的模拟性能改进尤为明显,同时耦合模式能够更为真实地刻画中国东部地区汛期雨带的移动.对降水的年际变化分析发现,耦合模式模拟的1963-2002年中国夏季降水年际变率与观测吻合,模拟的夏季长江流域降水与观测降水相关系数达到0.48,模拟的华南夏季降水与观测的相关系数达到0.61,而控制试验结果与观测降水的相关系数均较小.对中国东部长江流域夏季降水与近海海温的相关分析表明,用给定海温驱动的大气模式,并不能正确模拟出中国东部夏季降水与海温的关系,而耦合模式能够较好地模拟出长江流域与孟加拉湾、南海以及黑潮区海温的关系,与GISST(全球海冰和海表温度)和观测降水相关关系一致.对水汽输送通量的分析发现,控制试验模拟的水汽输送路径与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料相比差别较大,耦合模式模拟的来自海洋上的水汽输送强度和路径与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料一致,提高了耦合模式对水汽输送的模拟能力,从而改善了模式对华南以及长江流域降水的模拟.
이구역기후모식RegCM3화보림사돈해양모식POM위기출,건립료일개구역해기우합모식,대1963-2002년중국하계기후진행모의,중점분석해우합모식대중국하계강수적모의성능이급강수모의개진적가능원인.결과표명:우합모식대중국하계우대분포적모의명현우우공제시험(단독적대기모식),대장강류역이급화남강수적모의성능개진우위명현,동시우합모식능구경위진실지각화중국동부지구신기우대적이동.대강수적년제변화분석발현,우합모식모의적1963-2002년중국하계강수년제변솔여관측문합,모의적하계장강류역강수여관측강수상관계수체도0.48,모의적화남하계강수여관측적상관계수체도0.61,이공제시험결과여관측강수적상관계수균교소.대중국동부장강류역하계강수여근해해온적상관분석표명,용급정해온구동적대기모식,병불능정학모의출중국동부하계강수여해온적관계,이우합모식능구교호지모의출장강류역여맹가랍만、남해이급흑조구해온적관계,여GISST(전구해빙화해표온도)화관측강수상관관계일치.대수기수송통량적분석발현,공제시험모의적수기수송로경여NCEP/NCAR재분석자료상비차별교대,우합모식모의적래자해양상적수기수송강도화로경여NCEP/NCAR재분석자료일치,제고료우합모식대수기수송적모의능력,종이개선료모식대화남이급장강류역강수적모의.
A regional air-sea coupled climate model based on the regional climate model RegCM3 and the regional oceanic model POM (Princeton Ocean Model) is developed and a series of experiments are performed to verify the simulation ability of the coupled model over China in summer from 1963 to 2002. The simulation results show that the space coefficients between GISST and SST (summer sea temperature) in RegCM3-POM exceed 0.9, so the SST in RegCM3-POM is reasonable and available. Compared with the uncoupled experiments, the regional air-sea coupled model RegCM3-POM has better simulation performance in simulating the mean summer (from June to August) precipitation over China, and the distribution of rainband in the coupled model is more reasonable than that in the uncoupled model. The improvement of the rainfall simulation is very remarkable over the Yangtze river valley and South China, and as for the rainbelt intraseasonal evolution over eastern China in summer, the simulation ability of RegCM3-POM is evidently improved compared with the uncoupled model. The interannual summer rainfall variation over eastern China simulated by RegCM3-POM is accordant to observation result, and the spatial pattern of the interannual summer rainfall variation in the uncoupled model is unreasonable. Further analysis indicates that the simulated correlation coefficient between the summer rainfall in uncoupled model RegCM3 and observation is 0.30 over the Yangtze river valley and 0.29 in South China, while the coefficient between the rainfall in RegCM3-POM model and observation is 0.48 over the Yangtze river valley and 0.61 in South China, which are more believable than that in the uncoupled model RegCM3. The simulation results of the relationship between SSTA (sea surface temperature anomaly) over costal oceans and summer precipitation show that the regional air-sea coupled model has good performance in simulating the correlation coefficients between summer rainfall in the Yangtze river valley and SSTA of the Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and Kuroshio area, and the uncoupled model RegCM3 fails to reproduce the relationship between the rainfall over the Yangtze river valley in summer and SSTA in coastal oceans. The uncoupled model's deficiencies are somewhat to blame that, in the uncoupled experiments, the SST is prescribed as a forcing, but in fact, SST anomaly is determined by anomalous atmosphere conditions, so the uncoupled model can not reflect the atmospheric feedback to ocean, and of course, the uncoupled model cannot reflect the air-sea interaction over the sea surface. The precipitation is greatly affected by the water vapor, and a large mount of water vapor is carried from the ocean to the monsoon region by the monsoon flow. The further study shows that the monsoon circulation and the path of the moisture transport flux simulated by RegCM3-POM are in good agreement with the NCEP/NCAR data, which improves the rainfall simulation in China. Therefore, the regional air-sea coupled model is more available for China.