植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2010年
2期
341-347
,共7页
严君%韩晓增%王树起%李晓慧%朱巍巍
嚴君%韓曉增%王樹起%李曉慧%硃巍巍
엄군%한효증%왕수기%리효혜%주외외
土壤微生物%脲酶%蔗糖酶%氮形态%大豆
土壤微生物%脲酶%蔗糖酶%氮形態%大豆
토양미생물%뇨매%자당매%담형태%대두
soil microbes%urease%invertase%nitrogen form%soybean
采用框栽试验方法,研究6种不同形态氮素[生物固氮(NO)、硝态氮(N1)、铵态氮(N2)、氨基酸态氮(N3)、蛋白态氮(N4)和酰胺态氮(N5)]对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及土壤酶活性动态变化的影响.结果表明:各大豆生育期内真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性对不同形态氮素的反应不同;三大菌群在组成上以细菌数量占绝对优势.数最上均在花期时达到峰值,即均随着大豆生育期的推进呈单峰曲线变化;花期不同形态氮处理下的土壤微生物总数量有差异,具体表现为N5>N3>N2>N1>N4>NO.土壤多样性指数的变化趋势随着生育期的推进呈缓慢下降趋势,与土壤微生物数量的变化趋势不一致,因此,评价土壤生物多样性指数应将两者结合起来.土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着生育期的推进亦为单峰曲线变化趋势,但脲酶与蔗糖酶活性的变化趋势不同,其高峰期出现在鼓粒期.
採用框栽試驗方法,研究6種不同形態氮素[生物固氮(NO)、硝態氮(N1)、銨態氮(N2)、氨基痠態氮(N3)、蛋白態氮(N4)和酰胺態氮(N5)]對種植大豆土壤中微生物數量及土壤酶活性動態變化的影響.結果錶明:各大豆生育期內真菌、細菌、放線菌數量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性對不同形態氮素的反應不同;三大菌群在組成上以細菌數量佔絕對優勢.數最上均在花期時達到峰值,即均隨著大豆生育期的推進呈單峰麯線變化;花期不同形態氮處理下的土壤微生物總數量有差異,具體錶現為N5>N3>N2>N1>N4>NO.土壤多樣性指數的變化趨勢隨著生育期的推進呈緩慢下降趨勢,與土壤微生物數量的變化趨勢不一緻,因此,評價土壤生物多樣性指數應將兩者結閤起來.土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性隨著生育期的推進亦為單峰麯線變化趨勢,但脲酶與蔗糖酶活性的變化趨勢不同,其高峰期齣現在鼓粒期.
채용광재시험방법,연구6충불동형태담소[생물고담(NO)、초태담(N1)、안태담(N2)、안기산태담(N3)、단백태담(N4)화선알태담(N5)]대충식대두토양중미생물수량급토양매활성동태변화적영향.결과표명:각대두생육기내진균、세균、방선균수량화토양뇨매、자당매활성대불동형태담소적반응불동;삼대균군재조성상이세균수량점절대우세.수최상균재화기시체도봉치,즉균수착대두생육기적추진정단봉곡선변화;화기불동형태담처리하적토양미생물총수량유차이,구체표현위N5>N3>N2>N1>N4>NO.토양다양성지수적변화추세수착생육기적추진정완만하강추세,여토양미생물수량적변화추세불일치,인차,평개토양생물다양성지수응장량자결합기래.토양뇨매화자당매활성수착생육기적추진역위단봉곡선변화추세,단뇨매여자당매활성적변화추세불동,기고봉기출현재고립기.
In this paper,pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different N forms,including biological nitrogen fixation(NO),NO_3~--N(NI),NH_4~+-N(N2),amino acid-N(N3),protein-N(N4)and amide-N(N5)on microbial quantity and enzyme activities in soil at the growth stages of soybean.All N fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers with the same amount.The results show that bacteria are the predominant ones among microorganisms.The maximum population of bacteria,actinomyces and fungi are observed at the flowering stage,and the change of microorganism is a single-peaked curve at the whole growth stages.As the growing phases of soybean,the total amounts of microorganisms and biodiversity indices were different among treatments supplied with different forms of nitrogen.Moreover,the amounts of the microorganisms change with different forms of nitrogen treatments at the flowering stage with an order:N5>N3>N2>N1>N4>NO.In addition,the change of the biodiversity indices shows a slowly decreased trend.Therefore,the two important factors should be combined to evaluate quality of the soil.The activities of urease and invertase were singlepeaked curves with the growing phases as well,however,the maximum urease activity appears at the podding stage while that of the invertase activity at the flowering stage.