CAJ | 학술논문

铁杉属在亚洲主要分布于亚洲季风区东部,间断分布于中国大陆、台湾岛以及日本列岛(除北海道).在中国大陆间断分布在西南山区(横断山区和部分东喜马拉雅)、中部山区(秦岭-大巴山区)和东南山区(华东山地).亚洲季风区铁杉属的现代分布环境要求年降水量范围为720～2 103 mm,生长季降水量为635～1 489 mm;年均温范围为5.8～18.2℃,冬季月均温为-2.7～11.5℃,年最冷月均温为-3.7～10.9℃,年最暖月均温为13.0～28.2℃,气温年较差为9.7～25.4℃.亚洲季风区铁杉属的现代地理分布与气候要素值相互关系的分析表明,无铁杉分布的朝鲜半岛及其邻近的我国东北山地和山东山地降水量均大于700 mm,基本上能够满足铁杉属生长的水分条件;而朝鲜半岛及其邻近的我国东北山地和山东山地的气温年较差明显大于铁杉属分布区的值,同时两地的冬季月均温和年最冷月均温明显低于铁杉属分布区的值,这也是这些地区没有铁杉属分布的主要气候原因.总之,这些亚洲季风区水分条件能够满足铁杉属生长需要,但冬季温度(包括冬季月平均温度和年最冷月均温)和气温年较差无法满足铁杉属生长需要,导致这些地区无铁杉属现代分布记录.
철삼속재아주주요분포우아주계풍구동부,간단분포우중국대륙、태만도이급일본렬도(제북해도).재중국대륙간단분포재서남산구(횡단산구화부분동희마랍아)、중부산구(진령-대파산구)화동남산구(화동산지).아주계풍구철삼속적현대분포배경요구년강수량범위위720～2 103 mm,생장계강수량위635～1 489 mm;년균온범위위5.8～18.2℃,동계월균온위-2.7～11.5℃,년최랭월균온위-3.7～10.9℃,년최난월균온위13.0～28.2℃,기온년교차위9.7～25.4℃.아주계풍구철삼속적현대지리분포여기후요소치상호관계적분석표명,무철삼분포적조선반도급기린근적아국동북산지화산동산지강수량균대우700 mm,기본상능구만족철삼속생장적수분조건;이조선반도급기린근적아국동북산지화산동산지적기온년교차명현대우철삼속분포구적치,동시량지적동계월균온화년최랭월균온명현저우철삼속분포구적치,저야시저사지구몰유철삼속분포적주요기후원인.총지,저사아주계풍구수분조건능구만족철삼속생장수요,단동계온도(포괄동계월평균온도화년최랭월균온)화기온년교차무법만족철삼속생장수요,도치저사지구무철삼속현대분포기록.
In Asia, Tsuga is mainly distributed in the Asian Monsoon region, and intermittently distributed in Mainland China, Taiwan Central Ranges and Japanese Archipelago (except Hokkaido). In Mainland China, it is discontinuously distributed in the southwestern mountains (the Hengduan Mountains and a part of the Eastern Himalayas), the central mountains (the Qinling Mountains and the Daba Mountains) and the southeastern mountains (the East China mountains) . In its modern geographical distribution, Tsuga growth requires following climatic conditions: annual precipitation (AP) range of 720-2 103 mm, growing season precipitation (GP) range of 635-1 489 mm, annual mean temperature (AMT) range of 5.8-18.2℃, winter mean temperature (WMT) range of -2.7-11.5℃, mean temperature for the coldest month (MTC) range of -3.7-10.9℃, mean temperature for the warmest month (MTW) range of 13.0-28.2℃, and the annual range of monthly mean temperature (ART) range of 9.7-25.4℃. In the Asian Monsoon region, AP in Korean Peninsula and its adjacent northeast China mountainous region, and the Shangdong mountainous region is more than 700 mm and generally meet the moisture requirements of Tsuga growth. But ART of these two Tsuga-free regions are apparently higher than that of Tsuga regions, and WMT and MTC are lower than those for Tsuga regions. It indicates that temperature conditions, particularly WMT, MTC and ART are constraints for the growth of Tsuga in these Asian Monsoon region. In conclusion, moisture conditions can generally meet Tsuga living requirements in these monsoon mountainous regions, but winter temperature (including WMT and MTC) and ART become limited factors of Tsuga in these regions.