中华儿科杂志
中華兒科雜誌
중화인과잡지
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
2012年
7期
493-497
,共5页
颅囟%体格检查%儿童%生长和发育
顱囟%體格檢查%兒童%生長和髮育
로신%체격검사%인동%생장화발육
Cranial fontanelles%Physical examination%Child%Growth and development
目的 研究儿童前囟的发育规律.方法 测量1600名0～2岁儿童(新生儿、1月龄、3月龄、6月龄、9月龄、12月龄、18月龄、2岁共8个组,每组均为200名)的前囟.纳入儿童标准:①胎龄均为足月(37周≤胎龄≤40周)、单胎、出生体重＞ 2500 g；②出生时无产伤窒息史、无头皮血肿；③健康儿童(即无颅内疾病史、无发育迟缓,无先天综合征或骨骼代谢性疾病如佝偻病).结果 ①各年龄组前囟中位数(范围)为:新生儿1.5(0.3～2.5) cm,1月龄时前囟为最大(2.2 cm)；12月龄时前囟1.0 (0.3～2.0)cm,24月龄时前囟0.5(0.3～0.7)cm；②3.0％的婴儿6月龄时前囟已闭合,12月龄时26.5％ (53/200)前囟闭合,2岁时93.0％ (186/200)前囟闭合；③各年龄组男、女童前囟大小相近,前囟发育与儿童体重、身长、头围发育水平无相关关系(均P＞0.05).结论1月龄时为前囟最大值,随儿童年龄增长前囟逐渐闭合,2岁时多数儿童前囟闭合；单一的前囟数值临床意义较小；儿科临床应以对边中点的连线表示前囟大小；正常儿童前囟闭合年龄需要再修订.
目的 研究兒童前囟的髮育規律.方法 測量1600名0～2歲兒童(新生兒、1月齡、3月齡、6月齡、9月齡、12月齡、18月齡、2歲共8箇組,每組均為200名)的前囟.納入兒童標準:①胎齡均為足月(37週≤胎齡≤40週)、單胎、齣生體重＞ 2500 g；②齣生時無產傷窒息史、無頭皮血腫；③健康兒童(即無顱內疾病史、無髮育遲緩,無先天綜閤徵或骨骼代謝性疾病如佝僂病).結果 ①各年齡組前囟中位數(範圍)為:新生兒1.5(0.3～2.5) cm,1月齡時前囟為最大(2.2 cm)；12月齡時前囟1.0 (0.3～2.0)cm,24月齡時前囟0.5(0.3～0.7)cm；②3.0％的嬰兒6月齡時前囟已閉閤,12月齡時26.5％ (53/200)前囟閉閤,2歲時93.0％ (186/200)前囟閉閤；③各年齡組男、女童前囟大小相近,前囟髮育與兒童體重、身長、頭圍髮育水平無相關關繫(均P＞0.05).結論1月齡時為前囟最大值,隨兒童年齡增長前囟逐漸閉閤,2歲時多數兒童前囟閉閤；單一的前囟數值臨床意義較小；兒科臨床應以對邊中點的連線錶示前囟大小；正常兒童前囟閉閤年齡需要再脩訂.
목적 연구인동전신적발육규률.방법 측량1600명0～2세인동(신생인、1월령、3월령、6월령、9월령、12월령、18월령、2세공8개조,매조균위200명)적전신.납입인동표준:①태령균위족월(37주≤태령≤40주)、단태、출생체중＞ 2500 g；②출생시무산상질식사、무두피혈종；③건강인동(즉무로내질병사、무발육지완,무선천종합정혹골격대사성질병여구루병).결과 ①각년령조전신중위수(범위)위:신생인1.5(0.3～2.5) cm,1월령시전신위최대(2.2 cm)；12월령시전신1.0 (0.3～2.0)cm,24월령시전신0.5(0.3～0.7)cm；②3.0％적영인6월령시전신이폐합,12월령시26.5％ (53/200)전신폐합,2세시93.0％ (186/200)전신폐합；③각년령조남、녀동전신대소상근,전신발육여인동체중、신장、두위발육수평무상관관계(균P＞0.05).결론1월령시위전신최대치,수인동년령증장전신축점폐합,2세시다수인동전신폐합；단일적전신수치림상의의교소；인과림상응이대변중점적련선표시전신대소；정상인동전신폐합년령수요재수정.
Objective To study the development of anterior fontanel (AF) in children less than 2 years of age.Method The size of AF of the children under 2 years of age was measured.The criteria were:① All the children were singletons and term (37 weeks ≤gestational age≤40 weeks) at birth,birth weight ＞2500 g.②Those with intracranial diseases ( included trauma and asphyxia ) and scalp hematoma were ruled out.③ Healthy children (without intracranial disease,growth retardation,congenital syndrome or bone metallic diseases such as rickets).Result ① The mean value of AF in neonates was 1.5 (0.3-2.5 ) cm,and the average of the AF at 1 month after birth was 2.2 cm,which was the largest one.The size of AF was 1.0 (0.3-2.0) cm at age 12 months,and 0.5 (0.3-0.7) cm at 24 months.② The percentage for the closure of the AF was 3％ at 6 months,26.5％ at 12 months,and 93.0％ at 24 months.③ There were no gender differences in the size of the AF ( P ＞ 0.05 ). And the size of AF was not correlated with the development levels of weight,length,and head circumference( P ＞0.05 ).Conclusion ① The size of AF at 1 month was maximum (2.2 cm),and then decreased by years.The AF was almost closed (93％) at 24 months.② There were no gender differences in anterior fontanel ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The size of AF was not correlated with the growth of weight,length,and head circumferences ( P ＞ 0.05 ). ③ The fontanel dimensions should be represented by oblique diameters of the fontanel in clinical pediatrics.④ The AF closure time needs to be further evaluated in normal children.
