CAJ | 학술논문

从干旱、遮荫、盐胁迫、重金属以及CO_2浓度5个方面综述了植物叶片的气孔分布及其特性在不同胁迫环境下出现的形态和生理差异.结果表明:(1) 干旱胁迫导致大多数植物叶片的气孔密度增大,气孔开度减少,而气孔的分布则随物种和胁迫程度不同而出现差异.(2) 遮荫环境导致多数植物的气孔数量和气孔密度减小,气孔的形状发生改变,植物的气孔导度和净光合速率均明显降低.(3) 盐胁迫将减少植物的叶片面积,改变叶片的组织结构,增加叶片的气孔密度,降低植物的气孔导度和净光合速率.(4) 重金属胁迫则导致植物的气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度均呈现降低趋势.(5) 大多数研究都表明叶片的外部形态及其气体交换等特征在提升CO_2浓度后将受到显著影响.
종간한、차음、염협박、중금속이급CO_2농도5개방면종술료식물협편적기공분포급기특성재불동협박배경하출현적형태화생리차이.결과표명:(1) 간한협박도치대다수식물협편적기공밀도증대,기공개도감소,이기공적분포칙수물충화협박정도불동이출현차이.(2) 차음배경도치다수식물적기공수량화기공밀도감소,기공적형상발생개변,식물적기공도도화정광합속솔균명현강저.(3) 염협박장감소식물적협편면적,개변협편적조직결구,증가협편적기공밀도,강저식물적기공도도화정광합속솔.(4) 중금속협박칙도치식물적기공도도화포간CO_2농도균정현강저추세.(5) 대다수연구도표명협편적외부형태급기기체교환등특정재제승CO_2농도후장수도현저영향.
Based on different responses to stresses of drought, shade, salt, heavy metal and elevated CO_2, distribution and physiological characteristics of leaf stomata were summarized, respectively. The results show that: (1) Water stress will increase stomatal density and decrease stomatal opening in most plants. However, stomatal distribution will exhibit different results under the stresses because of diversity in species and stress degrees. (2) It has been reported in most plants that shade treatments will change the shape of stomata, decrease stomata number and stomata density, as well as induce lower stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rate. (3) Salt stress will reduce leaf area and modify leaf structure, and increase stomatal density. Furthermore, the stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rate will be decreased because of salt stress. (4) Although few experiments were found to study the relationship between stomata and heavy metal treatments, it has been documented that heavy metal will induce plants to exhibit lower stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rate in some plants. (5) Most documents show that shape and gas exchange of leaf will surfer significant affects under elevated CO_2 concentration.