CAJ | 학술논문

利用15个异细胞质中国春及对照中国春分别与黑麦杂交，结实率有所不同；出苗率差异显著；异细胞质对F1减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对有影响，(Ae.sharonesis)和(Ae.bicornis)细胞质分别促进和抑制中国春与黑麦F1部分同源染色体配对。用八倍体小黑麦回交F1，回交结实率差异显著。t检验表明，异细胞质对F1产生有功能雌配子有影响。继续用八倍体小黑麦回交，得到四种异细胞质八倍体小黑麦，细胞学观察表明：减数分裂不稳定，多价体明显增多。利用(Ae.juvenalis)、(T.timopheevi)等4种细胞质可以将黑麦中有益基因直接转移给小麦，而(Ae.bicornis)在导入黑麦有益基因方面可能不宜利用。
이용15개이세포질중국춘급대조중국춘분별여흑맥잡교，결실솔유소불동；출묘솔차이현저；이세포질대F1감수분렬중기Ⅰ염색체배대유영향，(Ae.sharonesis)화(Ae.bicornis)세포질분별촉진화억제중국춘여흑맥F1부분동원염색체배대。용팔배체소흑맥회교F1，회교결실솔차이현저。t검험표명，이세포질대F1산생유공능자배자유영향。계속용팔배체소흑맥회교，득도사충이세포질팔배체소흑맥，세포학관찰표명：감수분렬불은정，다개체명현증다。이용(Ae.juvenalis)、(T.timopheevi)등4충세포질가이장흑맥중유익기인직접전이급소맥，이(Ae.bicornis)재도입흑맥유익기인방면가능불의이용。
Wheat varieties “Chinese Spring” with different alien cytoplasms were crossed with rye, and their F1 were crossed with stable octoploid triticale. Significant differences in seed-set rate, rate of emergence and plumpness of kernel among different lines of alloplasmic F1、BC1 and BC2 were observed. Four lines of alloplasmic octoploid triticale were obtained in BC2. Different cytoplasms had different effects on homologous chromosome pairing as shown by chiasma frequency in F1 at metaphase of first meiotic division and on having active female gamete as shown by backcrossing seed-set rate with stable octoploid triticale. The results indicated that genetic transferring of desirable genes from rye to Chinese Spring with timopheevi and juvenalis alloplasms was feasible, but it was unfeasible with bicornis cytoplasm. In BC2(alloplasmicoctoploid triticalelines), one or more univalents were observed in PMCs (pollen mothercells) atmetaphase I of meiosis, indicating that their meiosis were unstable.