CAJ | 학술논문

草鱼是中国的土著鱼类,自20世纪60年代以来已被移居到100多个国家和地区,主要用来控制水草或水产养殖.本研究通过线粒体D-Loop区(764bp)和COII+tRNA基因(719bp)序列分析,了解草鱼的中国土著群体(长江、珠江、黑龙江)和国外移居群体(匈牙利多瑙河、美国密西西比河、日本利根川河)之间以及各地方群体间的遗传差异.结果表明,中国土著草鱼群体的遗传变异高于国外移居群体;分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,不同草鱼群体的遗传变异主要来自群体内,而不同地域间的差异极少;群体两两间Fst值比较表明,大多数群体之间遗传差异极显著;由TCS构建的单倍型网络结构图显示,长江草鱼群体是最原始的群体,其他水系草鱼均由长江群体演化而来;通过基因流分析发现,匈牙利多瑙河群体和日本利根川河群体来自长江和黑龙江群体,美国密西西比河群体除引自长江、黑龙江水系外,还有部分引自于珠江水系.
초어시중국적토저어류,자20세기60년대이래이피이거도100다개국가화지구,주요용래공제수초혹수산양식.본연구통과선립체D-Loop구(764bp)화COII+tRNA기인(719bp)서렬분석,료해초어적중국토저군체(장강、주강、흑룡강)화국외이거군체(흉아리다노하、미국밀서서비하、일본리근천하)지간이급각지방군체간적유전차이.결과표명,중국토저초어군체적유전변이고우국외이거군체;분자방차분석(AMOVA)표명,불동초어군체적유전변이주요래자군체내,이불동지역간적차이겁소;군체량량간Fst치비교표명,대다수군체지간유전차이겁현저;유TCS구건적단배형망락결구도현시,장강초어군체시최원시적군체,기타수계초어균유장강군체연화이래;통과기인류분석발현,흉아리다노하군체화일본리근천하군체래자장강화흑룡강군체,미국밀서서비하군체제인자장강、흑룡강수계외,환유부분인자우주강수계.
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the most important freshwater species in aquaculture. Meanwhile, the grass carp is originally distributes in China, and then it has been introduced into more than 100 countries for aquatic weed control and aquaculture since 1960s. In the past five decades, the grass carps have been adapted to the local environment and developed local groups. However, the genetic variation among the grass carps in native and introduced regions, as well the genetic phylogeny, is not clear. Meanwhile, there is no available literature to clarify which river systems in China are the most likely origins of colonized populations in introduced regions. In this study, partial sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop (764bp), COII + tRNA (719bp) were analyzed from native (the Yangtze, Amur and Pearl Rivers in China) and introduced (the Danube River in Hungary, the Mississippi River in USA and the Tonegawa River in Japan) populations of the grass carp. The data of the two mtDNA fragments showed no competitive with the ILD (Incongruence Length Difference) test (p = 0.42), and they could combine together as one data. The results indicated that there were the total of 32 haplotypes in all specimens, and 5 haplotypes were shared, all other haplotypes were singletons. In the 5 shared haplotypes, one was found in all populations, one in Amur River and Pearl River, two in China and Hungary, and the last one was found only in China. The genetic variation in the native populations was higher than that in the colonized populations. In the native populations, the genetic diversity ordered as the Pearl Rivers (π = 0. 0042) ＞ Yangtze River (π =0. 0028) ＞ Amur River (π =0. 0013). In the introduced populations, the genetic diversity ordered as the Danube River (π =0. 0019) ＞ Mississippi River (π =0. 0010) ＞ Tonegawa River (π =0. 0001). The analysis of AMOVA using Arlequin 3.01 indicated that the variation mostly existed within populations (77.27%), but it was very low contribution from the sampling regions (0. 38%). The pairwise FST values demonstrated that there was a significant differentiation in most pairwise populations. The Tajima' s D values were significant negative in the populations of the Amur River and Mississippi River (was marginable significance in Tonegawa River), which demonstrating the recent population expansion in their histories, and were positive in the other populations. Base on the software TCS 1.21, the haplotype network showed that the Yangtze River population would be the most original and then expanded to other rivers. Based on the base composition, transition/transversion values from the software MEGA4, the gene flow among populations using the software Migrate-2. 4. 3 showed that the Danube River population and the Tonegawa River population might have two origins from China, namely the Yangtze and Amur River, the Mississippi River population might have three origins, the Yangtze, Amur and Pearl Rivers. The gene flow gave a sign that all grass carp populations would be derived from the Yangtze River, which is agreement with the results of the haplotype network.