中华眼科杂志
中華眼科雜誌
중화안과잡지
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
2011年
9期
785-790
,共6页
童晓维%赵蓉%邹海东%朱剑锋%王旌%俞军%王蔚%何鲜桂%陆慧红%赵惠娟%王伟炳
童曉維%趙蓉%鄒海東%硃劍鋒%王旌%俞軍%王蔚%何鮮桂%陸慧紅%趙惠娟%王偉炳
동효유%조용%추해동%주검봉%왕정%유군%왕위%하선계%륙혜홍%조혜연%왕위병
盲%视力,低%老年人%患病率%社区卫生服务%视力普查
盲%視力,低%老年人%患病率%社區衛生服務%視力普查
맹%시력,저%노년인%환병솔%사구위생복무%시력보사
Blindness%Vision,low%Aged%Prevalence%Community health services%Vision screening
目的 探讨上海市宝山区大场社区60岁及以上人群的盲和低视力患病率、致盲原因及其相关因素。方法 横断面现况调查研究。由上海市眼病防治中心和上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心于2009年10至12月期间对上海市宝山区大场社区60岁及以上并在当地居住10年以上的常住户籍人口进行随机整群抽样调查。对调查对象完成视力、眼压、验光、裂隙灯显微镜、免散瞳数字眼底照相等检查，采用世界卫生组织视力损伤标准和日常生活视力和视力损伤标准确立盲或低视力，并明确主要致盲原因。组间率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 实际受检4545人，受检率为87.42％。受检人群均为近10年内随着城市化进程从原农村人口转变而来的城市人口。按照世界卫生组织视力损伤标准：双眼盲30人，患病率0.67％；双眼低视力145人，患病率3.19％。白内障、黄斑变性、眼球萎缩或缺如、青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变（或角膜病）是前5位致盲眼病。女性低视力患病率高于男性，差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.88，P＜0.05)。按照日常生活视力和视力损伤标准：双眼盲39人，患病率0.86％，双眼低视力401人，患病率8.82％；75岁后成为视力损害的高速发展期。白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、黄斑变性、眼球萎缩或缺如、青光眼是前5位致盲原因。女性低视力患病率高于男性，差异有统计学意义(x2=13.345，P＜0.01)。结论 在上海市城市化进程较快的老龄化社区中，白内障、未矫正的屈光不正、黄斑变性是引起日常生活视力盲的前3位原因，女性低视力患病率明显高于男性。对这类社区居民需要进行更多的有针对性眼的保健教育与服务工作。
目的 探討上海市寶山區大場社區60歲及以上人群的盲和低視力患病率、緻盲原因及其相關因素。方法 橫斷麵現況調查研究。由上海市眼病防治中心和上海市寶山區疾病預防控製中心于2009年10至12月期間對上海市寶山區大場社區60歲及以上併在噹地居住10年以上的常住戶籍人口進行隨機整群抽樣調查。對調查對象完成視力、眼壓、驗光、裂隙燈顯微鏡、免散瞳數字眼底照相等檢查，採用世界衛生組織視力損傷標準和日常生活視力和視力損傷標準確立盲或低視力，併明確主要緻盲原因。組間率的比較採用卡方檢驗。結果 實際受檢4545人，受檢率為87.42％。受檢人群均為近10年內隨著城市化進程從原農村人口轉變而來的城市人口。按照世界衛生組織視力損傷標準：雙眼盲30人，患病率0.67％；雙眼低視力145人，患病率3.19％。白內障、黃斑變性、眼毬萎縮或缺如、青光眼、糖尿病視網膜病變（或角膜病）是前5位緻盲眼病。女性低視力患病率高于男性，差異有統計學意義(x2 =4.88，P＜0.05)。按照日常生活視力和視力損傷標準：雙眼盲39人，患病率0.86％，雙眼低視力401人，患病率8.82％；75歲後成為視力損害的高速髮展期。白內障、未矯正的屈光不正、黃斑變性、眼毬萎縮或缺如、青光眼是前5位緻盲原因。女性低視力患病率高于男性，差異有統計學意義(x2=13.345，P＜0.01)。結論 在上海市城市化進程較快的老齡化社區中，白內障、未矯正的屈光不正、黃斑變性是引起日常生活視力盲的前3位原因，女性低視力患病率明顯高于男性。對這類社區居民需要進行更多的有針對性眼的保健教育與服務工作。
목적 탐토상해시보산구대장사구60세급이상인군적맹화저시력환병솔、치맹원인급기상관인소。방법 횡단면현황조사연구。유상해시안병방치중심화상해시보산구질병예방공제중심우2009년10지12월기간대상해시보산구대장사구60세급이상병재당지거주10년이상적상주호적인구진행수궤정군추양조사。대조사대상완성시력、안압、험광、렬극등현미경、면산동수자안저조상등검사，채용세계위생조직시력손상표준화일상생활시력화시력손상표준학립맹혹저시력，병명학주요치맹원인。조간솔적비교채용잡방검험。결과 실제수검4545인，수검솔위87.42％。수검인군균위근10년내수착성시화진정종원농촌인구전변이래적성시인구。안조세계위생조직시력손상표준：쌍안맹30인，환병솔0.67％；쌍안저시력145인，환병솔3.19％。백내장、황반변성、안구위축혹결여、청광안、당뇨병시망막병변（혹각막병）시전5위치맹안병。녀성저시력환병솔고우남성，차이유통계학의의(x2 =4.88，P＜0.05)。안조일상생활시력화시력손상표준：쌍안맹39인，환병솔0.86％，쌍안저시력401인，환병솔8.82％；75세후성위시력손해적고속발전기。백내장、미교정적굴광불정、황반변성、안구위축혹결여、청광안시전5위치맹원인。녀성저시력환병솔고우남성，차이유통계학의의(x2=13.345，P＜0.01)。결론 재상해시성시화진정교쾌적노령화사구중，백내장、미교정적굴광불정、황반변성시인기일상생활시력맹적전3위원인，녀성저시력환병솔명현고우남성。대저류사구거민수요진행경다적유침대성안적보건교육여복무공작。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of blindness and low vision and the leading causes of blindness in residents aged ≥ 60 years in Dachang Blocks of Baoshan District, Shanghai,China. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out by Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention & Treatment Center and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Baoshan District of Shanghai from October to December in 2009. Randomly cluster sampling was used to identify the adults aged ≥60 years who had lived in Dachang Blocks of Baoshan District, Shanghai for more than 10 years. Presenting visual acuity (PVA)and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) based on autorefraction and subjective refraction were measured separately in each eye. External eye, anterior segment and ocular fundus were examined by the ophthalmologist using slit lamp-microscopes direct ophthalmoscopy and non-mydriatic digital camera. And the leading causes of visual impairment were assured. The Chi square test was used between the groups of rate comparison. Results Of 5199 enumerated subjects ≥60 years of age, 87.42％ (4545/5199) were examined. All subjects were urban population who were originally changed from the rural population in nearly 10 years. In this population,with best-corrected visual acuity, 30 persons were diagnosed as blindness, 145persons were diagnosed as low vision. The prevalence of blindness and low vision were 0. 67％, 3. 19％,respectively. Low vision was associated with female gender. It was statistically significant difference (x2 =4. 88 ,P ＜0. 05 ). The leading causes of blindness were cataract, macular degeneration, ocular absence or atrophy, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy or corneal diseases. With presenting visual acuity,39 persons were diagnosed as blindness,401 persons were diagnosed as low vision. The prevalence of blindness and low vision were 0. 86％, 8. 82％ , respectively. Blindness and low vision were associated with older age. The prevalence of blindness and low vision increased rapidly in aged 75 years or older people. The leading causes of blindness were cataract, uncorrected refractive error, macular degeneration, ocular absence or atrophy,glaucoma. Low vision was associated with female gender. It had statistically significant difference (x2 =13.345,P ＜0.01). ConclusionsIn rapidly urbanized and aging community of Shanghai, cataract,uncorrected refractive error, macular degeneration were the leading causes of blindness with presenting visual acuity. The prevalence of low vision in females was higher than that of males which had statistically significant difference. These kinds of residents needed more targeted eye health education and services.
