中国血吸虫病防治杂志
中國血吸蟲病防治雜誌
중국혈흡충병방치잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL
2009年
6期
519-521
,共3页
血吸虫病%无害化卫生厕所%建造质量
血吸蟲病%無害化衛生廁所%建造質量
혈흡충병%무해화위생측소%건조질량
Schistosomiasis%Sanitary toilet with harmless process design%Construction quality
目的 评估血吸虫病流行地区无害化卫生厕所的建造质量.方法 在目前仍然存在血吸虫病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南、四川7个省,每省随机抽取2个流行县,每县分别选取2个流行村,每村随机抽取30户农户进行卫生厕所建造质量现场调查.结果 三格化粪池和三联式沼气池是血吸虫病流行农村地区改厕的主要类型,血吸虫病流行地区建造、使用的卫生厕所中,64.8%建造位置在室内或院内,52.6%建造位置与水体距离>10 m,75.0%出粪口上沿高度≥100mm,96.1%使用陶瓷、塑料、水泥预制便器,98.2%厕屋面积>1.2 m~2,95.8%厕屋完整.三格化粪池式卫生厕所中,仅有23.1%的户厕地下部分的建造设计符合或接近<血吸虫病流行地区农村改厕技术规范(试行)>的设计与施工要求.结论 血吸虫病流行地区建造、使用的卫生厕所总体符合我国相关农村户厕卫生标准的要求,三格化粪池式卫生厕所地下部分的建造设计和施工亟待规范.
目的 評估血吸蟲病流行地區無害化衛生廁所的建造質量.方法 在目前仍然存在血吸蟲病流行的湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江囌、雲南、四川7箇省,每省隨機抽取2箇流行縣,每縣分彆選取2箇流行村,每村隨機抽取30戶農戶進行衛生廁所建造質量現場調查.結果 三格化糞池和三聯式沼氣池是血吸蟲病流行農村地區改廁的主要類型,血吸蟲病流行地區建造、使用的衛生廁所中,64.8%建造位置在室內或院內,52.6%建造位置與水體距離>10 m,75.0%齣糞口上沿高度≥100mm,96.1%使用陶瓷、塑料、水泥預製便器,98.2%廁屋麵積>1.2 m~2,95.8%廁屋完整.三格化糞池式衛生廁所中,僅有23.1%的戶廁地下部分的建造設計符閤或接近<血吸蟲病流行地區農村改廁技術規範(試行)>的設計與施工要求.結論 血吸蟲病流行地區建造、使用的衛生廁所總體符閤我國相關農村戶廁衛生標準的要求,三格化糞池式衛生廁所地下部分的建造設計和施工亟待規範.
목적 평고혈흡충병류행지구무해화위생측소적건조질량.방법 재목전잉연존재혈흡충병류행적호남、호북、강서、안휘、강소、운남、사천7개성,매성수궤추취2개류행현,매현분별선취2개류행촌,매촌수궤추취30호농호진행위생측소건조질량현장조사.결과 삼격화분지화삼련식소기지시혈흡충병류행농촌지구개측적주요류형,혈흡충병류행지구건조、사용적위생측소중,64.8%건조위치재실내혹원내,52.6%건조위치여수체거리>10 m,75.0%출분구상연고도≥100mm,96.1%사용도자、소료、수니예제편기,98.2%측옥면적>1.2 m~2,95.8%측옥완정.삼격화분지식위생측소중,부유23.1%적호측지하부분적건조설계부합혹접근<혈흡충병류행지구농촌개측기술규범(시행)>적설계여시공요구.결론 혈흡충병류행지구건조、사용적위생측소총체부합아국상관농촌호측위생표준적요구,삼격화분지식위생측소지하부분적건조설계화시공극대규범.
Objective To assess the construction quality of sanitary latrines in schistosomiasis endemic areas of China. Methods Two counties per province were sampled randomly from total 7 provinces with schistosomiasis endemic including Hunan, Hu-bei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, then 2 villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from each target county as research sites, and 30 households per village were randomly selected as respondents. Results Among the sanitary latrines being constructed and on-going used in schistosomiasis endemic areas, 64.8% of them were built indoor or inside of yards, and 52.6% of the above household latrines were constructed keeping away from water sources beyond 10 meters. In addition, the latrines with curb height of feces outlet over 100 mm accounted for 75.0% , and 96.1% of the total sanitary latrines were equipped with urinals made of pottery, plastic and cement. There were 98.2% of the latrines with an area more than 1.2 m~2, and 95.8% with structure of the whole room. Among those sanitary latrines with three-case-cesspools, merely 23.1% reached or closed to the design and implementation requirements of Technical criterion of sanitary construction in schistosomiasis endemic areas (protocol) on the part of underground. Conclusions The sanitary latrine with three-case-cesspools and three-unit methane pool is the main type of the household latrine recommended in countryside in schistosomiasis endemic areas. The construction of sanitary latrines meet the requirements of relevant standards in general, however, the design and implementation of underground parts of the latrines with three-case-cesspools need to be improved.
