CAJ | 학술논문

利用田间人工模拟降雨试验,研究了前期土壤含水量对两种红壤坡面降雨入渗、产流和产沙特性的影响.结果表明:前期含水量越高,两种土壤都是产流越快,达到稳定径流和入渗的时间越短.低含水量区(干态和稍干), 两种土壤的径流系数和入渗率都与降雨时间呈线性关系, 并在60min内达不到稳定.高含水量区(稍湿和湿态), 两种土壤的径流系数、入渗率及产沙速率与降雨时间关系都符合Boltzmann(玻耳兹曼)方程;第四纪红粘土发育的红壤稍干态和红砂岩发育的红壤干态下的产沙速率在整个降雨过程中变化不明显,并都维持在较低水平;第四纪红粘土发育的红壤干态和红砂岩发育的红壤稍干态下的产沙速率随着模拟降雨的进行而大致以线性关系增大.土壤前期含水量越高,两种土壤坡地累tk积入渗量都越小,雨水转化为土壤水分的比率亦越小.
이용전간인공모의강우시험,연구료전기토양함수량대량충홍양파면강우입삼、산류화산사특성적영향.결과표명:전기함수량월고,량충토양도시산류월쾌,체도은정경류화입삼적시간월단.저함수량구(간태화초간), 량충토양적경류계수화입삼솔도여강우시간정선성관계, 병재60min내체불도은정.고함수량구(초습화습태), 량충토양적경류계수、입삼솔급산사속솔여강우시간관계도부합Boltzmann(파이자만)방정;제사기홍점토발육적홍양초간태화홍사암발육적홍양간태하적산사속솔재정개강우과정중변화불명현,병도유지재교저수평;제사기홍점토발육적홍양간태화홍사암발육적홍양초간태하적산사속솔수착모의강우적진행이대치이선성관계증대.토양전기함수량월고,량충토양파지루tk적입삼량도월소,우수전화위토양수분적비솔역월소.
The effect of antecedent soil moisture on hillslpoe infiltration processes, runoff generations and soil erosions was investigated through artificial rainfall experiments at two sites with different types of red soil-mantled landscapes. The results show that the higher the level of antecedent soil moisture, the lower the accumulated infiltration is, the smaller the soil absorption is, the more quickly the runoff generation is, and the shorter the duration of runoff and infiltration steady is. The rainfall duration is found to be linearly correlated with both runoff coefficient and infiltration rate at the two sites under low initial soil moisture conditions. The state of equilibrium will not be reached within 60 minutes of the artificial rainfall. Under high initial soil moisture conditions, the Boltzmann equation can be used to describe the relationships between the rainfall duration and the runoff coefficient, the infiltration rate, as well as the soil erosion rate. Low or even invariable soil erosion rates are observed from the quaternary red clay under the slightly dry condition and from the red sandstone under the dry condition during the entire periods of artificial rainfalls. Interestingly, noted that the soil erosion rates at the two sites will increase linearly if the initial soil moisture conditions are swapped among the two cases.