CAJ | 학술논문

以‘无核白’葡萄为对照,以其自然营养变异系‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’、‘大粒无核白’、‘W3’与‘W7’为材料,在新疆吐鲁番鄯善田间栽培条件下比较其果实及光合作用特性,为‘无核白’系列葡萄优良品种选育提供依据.结果表明:(1)供试各营养系具有较高的光、热利用能力,叶片日平均净光合速率(5.527 7～7.412 3 μmol·m-2·s-1)均大于对照(4.879 7 μmol·m-2·s-1)；除‘长穗无核白’外,其余营养系均无明显光合‘午休’现象.(2)供试条件下净光合速率与田间空气温度、叶片温度、叶片表面蒸汽压差呈正相关；而气孔导度、光照强度等因子是‘无核白’系列葡萄光合作用的非决定因素.(3)‘长穗无核白’的穗长(36.43 cm)是对照(25.27 cm)的1.44倍；各营养系果粒均大于对照,其中‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’果粒(2.096 0、2.202 7、2.019 3、1.470 3 g)极显著大于对照(1.057 7 g).(4)‘长粒无核白’果粒耐压力和果梗耐拉力均极显著优于对照,其他营养系与对照无显著差异；果粒较大的‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长粒无核白’等可溶性固形物含量(22.92％、23.57％、23.17％)与对照(23.85％)无差异.综合分析认为,供试营养系‘W3’、‘W7’和‘长粒无核白’相对较优良,宜进一步研究；研究证明果实与叶片光合作用特性指标可用于葡萄营养系选种.
이‘무핵백’포도위대조,이기자연영양변이계‘장수무핵백’、‘장립무핵백’、‘대립무핵백’、‘W3’여‘W7’위재료,재신강토로번선선전간재배조건하비교기과실급광합작용특성,위‘무핵백’계렬포도우량품충선육제공의거.결과표명:(1)공시각영양계구유교고적광、열이용능력,협편일평균정광합속솔(5.527 7～7.412 3 μmol·m-2·s-1)균대우대조(4.879 7 μmol·m-2·s-1)；제‘장수무핵백’외,기여영양계균무명현광합‘오휴’현상.(2)공시조건하정광합속솔여전간공기온도、협편온도、협편표면증기압차정정상관；이기공도도、광조강도등인자시‘무핵백’계렬포도광합작용적비결정인소.(3)‘장수무핵백’적수장(36.43 cm)시대조(25.27 cm)적1.44배；각영양계과립균대우대조,기중‘W3’、‘대립무핵백’、‘장수무핵백’、‘장립무핵백’과립(2.096 0、2.202 7、2.019 3、1.470 3 g)겁현저대우대조(1.057 7 g).(4)‘장립무핵백’과립내압력화과경내랍력균겁현저우우대조,기타영양계여대조무현저차이；과립교대적‘W3’、‘대립무핵백’、‘장립무핵백’등가용성고형물함량(22.92％、23.57％、23.17％)여대조(23.85％)무차이.종합분석인위,공시영양계‘W3’、‘W7’화‘장립무핵백’상대교우량,의진일보연구；연구증명과실여협편광합작용특성지표가용우포도영양계선충.
For breeding advanced varieties,we studied the effect of meteorology on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit characteristics of five ‘Thompson Seedless' diverse clones (viz.,‘ Long-bunch Thompson Seedless',‘Long-berry Thompson Seedless',‘Big-berry Thompson Seedless',‘W3 ' and ‘W7 ') in vineyard of Shanshan,Turpan,China.The results were as follows.(1)The average net photosynthesis rates (Pn) of all five variants(5.527 7～7.412 3 μmol · m-2 · s-1) were significantly higher than that of control ‘Thompson Seedless'(4.879 7 μmol · m-2 · s-1).There was no midday depression of photosynthesis of the materials except ‘Long-bunch Thompson Seedless'.(2)The Pns were correlated positively with the air temperature (Tair),the leaf temperature (Tleaf),vapor deficit at the leaf surface (VpdL) respectively.(3)Bunch length of ‘Long-bunch Thompson Seedless' (36.43 cm) was 1.44 times of that of the control (25.27 cm).Berry mass of each variants tested was heavier than that of the control,in which ‘W3',‘Bigberry Thompson Seedless',‘Long-bunch Thompson Seedless ',‘ Long-berry Thompson Seedless'(2.096 0,2.202 7,2.019 3 and 1.470 3 g) were significantly higher than that of control (1.057 7 g).(4)The berry compression resistance and berry detachment force of ‘Long-berry Thompson Seedless' were significantly greater than that of control.There was no different statistically of soluble solid contents between the bigger berry variants (‘W3',‘Big-berry Thompson Seedless ',‘Long-berry Thompson Seedless') relatively (22.92％,23.57％,23.17％) and the control (23.85％).These results indicated that the variants ‘W3',‘W7' and ‘Long-berry Thompson Seedless' might be promising clones that should be investigated further.We could deduced a new breeding approach that besides fruit characteristics,photosynthetic response could be used as major indices for breeding new varieties by clone mutation selection.