CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]为全面掌握昭通黄牛资源状况,做好该品种的保护和开发利用工作.[方法]调查按国家畜禽遗传资源管理委员会<畜禽遗传资源调查技术手册>技术规范执行,采用普查,实地走访、观察、抽样测定,查阅相关文献资料等方式,了解产区概况、品种来源与发展方向、外貌特征、体尺体重、生产性能、饲养方式、繁殖性能等,并进行综合评定.[结果]昭通黄牛具有体质健壮、肉质良好、抗旱耐湿、耐粗抗病、性情温顺、适应性强、行动敏捷、产肉性能好、皮板质量优良等特点,但自20世纪80年代以来,随着外引牛冻精开展肉用杂交面的扩大,纯种数量逐年减少,产区各地都在强行对昭通黄牛公牛实行阉割,致使该品种正以地区级的规模被取代.[结论]昭通黄牛属于南方黄牛,是云南黄牛的三个地方类群之一,屠宰率和净肉率高于本省的其他品种牛,其具有较高的遗传变异和丰富的遗传多样性,同时与瘤牛发源息息相关,有特殊的起源地位,选育、保种工作亟待重视和加强.
[목적]위전면장악소통황우자원상황,주호해품충적보호화개발이용공작.[방법]조사안국가축금유전자원관리위원회<축금유전자원조사기술수책>기술규범집행,채용보사,실지주방、관찰、추양측정,사열상관문헌자료등방식,료해산구개황、품충래원여발전방향、외모특정、체척체중、생산성능、사양방식、번식성능등,병진행종합평정.[결과]소통황우구유체질건장、육질량호、항한내습、내조항병、성정온순、괄응성강、행동민첩、산육성능호、피판질량우량등특점,단자20세기80년대이래,수착외인우동정개전육용잡교면적확대,순충수량축년감소,산구각지도재강행대소통황우공우실행엄할,치사해품충정이지구급적규모피취대.[결론]소통황우속우남방황우,시운남황우적삼개지방류군지일,도재솔화정육솔고우본성적기타품충우,기구유교고적유전변이화봉부적유전다양성,동시여류우발원식식상관,유특수적기원지위,선육、보충공작극대중시화가강.
To understand the present situation of yellow cattle resources in Zhaotong county of Yunnan province and strength preservation and exploration of these breeds, yellow cattle resources in Zhaotong were surveyed through general investigation, visiting investigation, observation, sampling investigation and record browsing, etc. General situation of production areas, origination and development direction, appearance characters, body sizes and body weight, production performance, feeding regiments and reproduction, etc. were compressively assessed. Finally, it was found Zhaotong yellow cattle occupies all kinds of good property, i.e strong constitution, good beef quality, drought bear, coarse forage bear and disease resistance, docile temper, strong adaptability, good beef performance and high quality skin, etc. Since foreign beef breeds were introduced to Zhaotong to crossbreed with local yellow cattle in 1980s, most pure Zhaotong yellow cattle bulls were castrated, pure breed of Zhaotong yellow cattle gradually decreased and replaced with crossbred cattle. Considering the special origination and the importance to preserve the genetic diversity, it is an urgent task to strengthen selection, breeding and preserve Zhaotong yellow cattle breeds.