CAJ | 학술논문

迁徙停歇地多变而难以预测的食物资源给鸻鹬类的觅食活动带来了严峻挑战.机会主义觅食策略,即鸻鹬类摄取食物的比例与食物可利用性的高低相一致,可以使鸻鹬类高效地补充能量和营养物,尽快为下一阶段的迁徙活动做好准备.崇明东滩位于中国东部的长江口,该区域是鸻鹬类北迁途中在中国大陆的第一个重要迁徙停歇地.通过底栖动物调查和粪便分析,我们在2009年和2010年春季对大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostris)在崇明东滩停歇期的食物进行了研究.在大滨鹬的觅食地,底栖动物有腹足类、双壳类、多毛类、甲壳类和昆虫幼虫5类.粪便分析表明,腹足类和双壳类占大滨鹬食物组成的70%以上,其中堇拟沼螺(Assiminea violacea)和河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)是出现频次最高的底栖动物种类.x2分析显示,除2009年后期之外,在其他的停歇期,每种食物在粪便中出现的频次和在底栖动物中所占的比例之间没有显著差异.尽管在2009年后期,每种食物在粪便中出现的频次与在底栖动物中所占的比例在统计学上具有显著差异,但是大滨鹬依然更多地摄取丰度较高的食物.这暗示着大滨鹬在崇明东滩采取的是机会主义觅食策略.
천사정헐지다변이난이예측적식물자원급행휼류적멱식활동대래료엄준도전.궤회주의멱식책략,즉행휼류섭취식물적비례여식물가이용성적고저상일치,가이사행휼류고효지보충능량화영양물,진쾌위하일계단적천사활동주호준비.숭명동탄위우중국동부적장강구,해구역시행휼류북천도중재중국대륙적제일개중요천사정헐지.통과저서동물조사화분편분석,아문재2009년화2010년춘계대대빈휼(Calidris tenuirostris)재숭명동탄정헐기적식물진행료연구.재대빈휼적멱식지,저서동물유복족류、쌍각류、다모류、갑각류화곤충유충5류.분편분석표명,복족류화쌍각류점대빈휼식물조성적70%이상,기중근의소라(Assiminea violacea)화하현(Corbicula fluminea)시출현빈차최고적저서동물충류.x2분석현시,제2009년후기지외,재기타적정헐기,매충식물재분편중출현적빈차화재저서동물중소점적비례지간몰유현저차이.진관재2009년후기,매충식물재분편중출현적빈차여재저서동물중소점적비례재통계학상구유현저차이,단시대빈휼의연경다지섭취봉도교고적식물.저암시착대빈휼재숭명동탄채취적시궤회주의멱식책략.
Variable and unpredictable food resources at stopover sites bring severe challenges to migrating shorebirds. Opportunistic foraging strategies, referring to shorebirds consuming prey in proportion to their availability, allow shorebirds to replenish fuel and nutrient reserves efficiently for continuing their migration. Chongming Dongtan, located in the Yangtze River estuary of eastern China, is the first major stopover site of shorebirds on the Chinese mainland during their northward migration. We investigated the diet of Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris) at Chongming Dongtan during the spring stopovers of 2009 and 2010 through benthos sampling and dropping analysis. The benthos samples were categorized into gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, crustaceans and insect larvae. Dropping analysis indicated that gastropods and bivalves constituted more than 70% of the diet of the Great Knot, with Assiminea violacea and Corbicula fluminea being the most frequently consumed. Chi-square tests indicated that for each prey category, there was no significant difference between the frequency of its occurrence in the benthos samples and dropping samples during the early stopover periods of 2009 and 2010 and during the late stopover periods of 2010. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of occurrence of prey in the total macrobenthos and in the droppings of the Great Knots during the late stopover period in 2009, the more abundant prey were more frequently consumed by the Great Knots. This suggests that Great Knots adopted an opportunistic foraging strategy during their stopover at Chongming Dongtan.