CAJ | 학술논문

绝经后妇女一方面由于骨转化速率加快，矿化不足，骨矿含量降低；另一方面由于需要矿化的骨基质增加，导致机体对钙的需求量增加。同时，由于雌激素水平降低，导致肠道对钙的吸收能力及肾脏对钙的重吸收能力降低，导致钙吸收降低而排泄增加。因此，保证充足钙摄入对维持绝经后妇女骨骼结构具有重要意义。目前各国制定的钙参考摄入量不同。我国2000年制定的50岁以上妇女的适宜摄入量为元素钙1000 mg/d。增加饮食来源钙摄入是最佳的预防骨质疏松的方法。钙剂补充对增加绝经后妇女骨密度具有一定的有利作用，但对骨折风险的影响尚缺乏一致性的结论，对心血管疾病的影响尚不明确。目前的证据表明：联合补充钙剂与维生素D不增加心血管疾病的风险。
절경후부녀일방면유우골전화속솔가쾌，광화불족，골광함량강저；령일방면유우수요광화적골기질증가，도치궤체대개적수구량증가。동시，유우자격소수평강저，도치장도대개적흡수능력급신장대개적중흡수능력강저，도치개흡수강저이배설증가。인차，보증충족개섭입대유지절경후부녀골격결구구유중요의의。목전각국제정적개삼고섭입량불동。아국2000년제정적50세이상부녀적괄의섭입량위원소개1000 mg/d。증가음식래원개섭입시최가적예방골질소송적방법。개제보충대증가절경후부녀골밀도구유일정적유리작용，단대골절풍험적영향상결핍일치성적결론，대심혈관질병적영향상불명학。목전적증거표명：연합보충개제여유생소D불증가심혈관질병적풍험。
The rate of bone turnover in postmenopausal women accelerates and the newly formed osteoid is poorly mineralized, resulting in the loss of bone mineral content. Meanwhile, the requirement for calcium increases as more bone matrix needs to be mineralized. On the other hand, the reduction of serum estrogen level impairs the absorption of calcium in intestinal tract and the reabsorption in kidney, resulting in the decreased absorption and increased excretion of calcium. Therefore, sufficient calcium intake is critical for maintaining the bone structure in postmenopausal women. The reference intake of calcium differs greatly among different countries. In 2000, China established the adequate intake of calcium for Chinese women aged 50 years and older as 1000 mg/d. Diets provide the optimal source of calcium to prevent osteoporosis. Although calcium supplements have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, its impact on fracture risk and cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Available evidences suggest that calcium supplements combined with vitamin D are unlikely to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.