CAJ | 학술논문

马克思和恩格斯认为康德的伦理学及政治学说最根本的缺陷在于否定能动的意识获得的物质基础，只是“抽象地发展了”人的能动性：康德超功利主义道德观的实质是唯心主义历史观，康德的理想化、抽象的“善意”是其脱离社会物质关系的思想根源，康德的代表资产阶级的“虔诚的希望”——理想化了的“善意”——具有自由主义虚幻性。
마극사화은격사인위강덕적윤리학급정치학설최근본적결함재우부정능동적의식획득적물질기출，지시“추상지발전료”인적능동성：강덕초공리주의도덕관적실질시유심주의역사관，강덕적이상화、추상적“선의”시기탈리사회물질관계적사상근원，강덕적대표자산계급적“건성적희망”——이상화료적“선의”——구유자유주의허환성。
The fundamental defect of Kant＇s ethics and political theory lies in the negation of the material basis obtained by the dynamic role of the mind. Therefore, he only ＂developed abstractly＂ man＇s subjective initiative： Kant＇s concept of ultra-utilitarian moral essence is idealist conception of history; Kant＇s idealized, abstract ＂goodwill＂ is relations; Kant＇s ＂pious hope＂-- of the bourgeoisie the ideological roots of separating idealized ＂goodwill＂ has liberal himself from social and material illusion, and it is the representative