气象学报
氣象學報
기상학보
ACTA METEOROLOGICA SINICA
2008年
2期
236-250
,共15页
杨晓霞%陈联寿%刘诗军%薛德强%陈文选
楊曉霞%陳聯壽%劉詩軍%薛德彊%陳文選
양효하%진련수%류시군%설덕강%진문선
热带气旋%远距离暴雨%天气气候特征%合成分析%天气学模型%水汽%温湿能
熱帶氣鏇%遠距離暴雨%天氣氣候特徵%閤成分析%天氣學模型%水汽%溫濕能
열대기선%원거리폭우%천기기후특정%합성분석%천기학모형%수기%온습능
Tropical cyclone%Far distance torrential rainfall%Weather and climate characteristic%Composing analyses%Synoptic model%Water vapor%Enthalpy
应用1971-2003年的山东降水资料、常规天气图资料、台风年签和NCEP资料,对在华南沿海登陆和活动的热带气旋在山东造成远距离暴雨的气候特征进行统计分析,对环流形势场进行合成分析.建立了山东省远距离热带气旋暴雨的天气学模型.分别计算分析了山东有和无远距离热带气旋暴雨合成的水汽和温湿能的收支.结果表明:在华南沿海登陆和活动的热带气旋与西风带环流系统和副热带高压相互作用在山东造成的远距离热带气旋暴雨年均2.5次.暴雨的范围广、强度大.出现暴雨的时间比热带气旋登陆时间滞后.在山东造成远距离暴雨的热带气旋在华南沿海登陆时,中心东部有一股东南风或偏南风低空急流指向内陆.中高纬度中低层西风带环流弱,位置偏北.500 hPa西风带中的偏北气流与副高边缘的偏南气流在山东境内汇合.低层850-700 hPa伴有低值系统影响,山东为气旋性环流控制.热带气旋登陆后其中心附近的中低层偏南风急流向北伸展,绕过副高脊线直达山东.在台风中心附近至山东之间建立起水汽和温湿能的输送通道,把高温高湿的暖湿空气源源不断地向山东输送.在台风登陆后12-48小时内,山东暴雨区上空有大量的水汽和温湿能的净流入.暖湿气流与西风带气流相汇合,产生辐合上升,造成暴雨.
應用1971-2003年的山東降水資料、常規天氣圖資料、檯風年籤和NCEP資料,對在華南沿海登陸和活動的熱帶氣鏇在山東造成遠距離暴雨的氣候特徵進行統計分析,對環流形勢場進行閤成分析.建立瞭山東省遠距離熱帶氣鏇暴雨的天氣學模型.分彆計算分析瞭山東有和無遠距離熱帶氣鏇暴雨閤成的水汽和溫濕能的收支.結果錶明:在華南沿海登陸和活動的熱帶氣鏇與西風帶環流繫統和副熱帶高壓相互作用在山東造成的遠距離熱帶氣鏇暴雨年均2.5次.暴雨的範圍廣、彊度大.齣現暴雨的時間比熱帶氣鏇登陸時間滯後.在山東造成遠距離暴雨的熱帶氣鏇在華南沿海登陸時,中心東部有一股東南風或偏南風低空急流指嚮內陸.中高緯度中低層西風帶環流弱,位置偏北.500 hPa西風帶中的偏北氣流與副高邊緣的偏南氣流在山東境內彙閤.低層850-700 hPa伴有低值繫統影響,山東為氣鏇性環流控製.熱帶氣鏇登陸後其中心附近的中低層偏南風急流嚮北伸展,繞過副高脊線直達山東.在檯風中心附近至山東之間建立起水汽和溫濕能的輸送通道,把高溫高濕的暖濕空氣源源不斷地嚮山東輸送.在檯風登陸後12-48小時內,山東暴雨區上空有大量的水汽和溫濕能的淨流入.暖濕氣流與西風帶氣流相彙閤,產生輻閤上升,造成暴雨.
응용1971-2003년적산동강수자료、상규천기도자료、태풍년첨화NCEP자료,대재화남연해등륙화활동적열대기선재산동조성원거리폭우적기후특정진행통계분석,대배류형세장진행합성분석.건립료산동성원거리열대기선폭우적천기학모형.분별계산분석료산동유화무원거리열대기선폭우합성적수기화온습능적수지.결과표명:재화남연해등륙화활동적열대기선여서풍대배류계통화부열대고압상호작용재산동조성적원거리열대기선폭우년균2.5차.폭우적범위엄、강도대.출현폭우적시간비열대기선등륙시간체후.재산동조성원거리폭우적열대기선재화남연해등륙시,중심동부유일고동남풍혹편남풍저공급류지향내륙.중고위도중저층서풍대배류약,위치편북.500 hPa서풍대중적편북기류여부고변연적편남기류재산동경내회합.저층850-700 hPa반유저치계통영향,산동위기선성배류공제.열대기선등륙후기중심부근적중저층편남풍급류향북신전,요과부고척선직체산동.재태풍중심부근지산동지간건립기수기화온습능적수송통도,파고온고습적난습공기원원불단지향산동수송.재태풍등륙후12-48소시내,산동폭우구상공유대량적수기화온습능적정류입.난습기류여서풍대기류상회합,산생복합상승,조성폭우.
Using data of precipitation in Shandong province,normal meteorological observation data, typhoon yearbooks and NCEP/NCAR data during 1971-2003, the statistical climate characteristics and the composing circumfluence of the torrential rainfalls in Shandong province caused by remote tropical cyclones landing or activating on the coast of South China were analyzed. The synoptic model of the far distance tropical cyclone torrential rainfalls in Shandong province was established. The budgets of composed water vapor and enthalpy of having and not having far distance tropical torrential rainfalls in Shandong were analyzed. The result indicated: the annual average of far distance tropical cyclone torrential rainfalls in Shandong caused by the interaction of the tropical cyclone landing or activating on the coast of South China, the west wind system in middle latitude and the subtropical high is 2.5/year. This torrential rainfall's range was very wide; its intensity was very strong. The torrential rainfalls occurring time were lagged the tropical cyclone landing time. When the tropical cyclone which caused the torrential rainfall in Shandong was landing on the coast of South China, there were south-easterly or southerly jets at the low level of troposphere in the eastern part of center of the tropical cyclones toward Mainland China; westerly circulations at mid-high-latitude were weaker and lay over higher latitudes. The northerly winds in westerly band met the southerly winds on the west edge of subtropical high over western Pacific in Shandong region at 500 hPa. Effected by low system at the lower layer of troposphere (850-700 hPa), Shandong was dominated by cyclonic circulation. After tropical cyclone landing, the southerly jet near the center of cyclone extended northwardly and arrived at Shandong through the ridge line of the subtropical high over western Pacific. The transportation channels of water vapor and enthalpy between the center of tropical cyclone and Shandong was established and the warmer and wetter atmosphere carried toward Shandong continuously. From 12 to 48 hours after tropical cyclone landing, there were a great deal of water vapor and enthalpy importing, the wet and warm airflow and the westerly wind band airflow converged, and then updraft was produced, so the torrential rainfall occurred.