CAJ | 학술논문

目的研究我国现存蝙蝠的耳蜗形态和客观听力图与体型参数的相关性,为现存蝙蝠的听觉器官形态和功能进化状态提供数据资料,给蝙蝠听觉器官与发声频率的匹配关系提供依据.建立和完善客观评估蝙蝠听力图的理论和方法,通过本研究拟为蝙蝠的进化理论、生态适应对策和回声定位生理机制提供依据.方法应用美国TDT系统Ⅲ(Tucker-Davis Technologies TDT System Ⅲ)对大蹄蝠、黄大蹄蝠、中蹄蝠和小蹄蝠四种蹄蝠的听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)听力图进行测量和对比分析,测量四种蹄蝠的体型参数和耳蜗形态参数,采用统计学方法分析体型参数前臂长与耳蜗基底宽、耳蜗高和基部头盖骨宽.以及体型与蹄蝠叫声主频率的相关关系.结果本研究结果证明,蝙蝠体型与其叫声主频率呈负相关关系,体型与蝙蝠的社会交流叫声频率亦呈负相关关系.ABR听力图与行为听力图基本相似,蹄蝠听力图具有两到三个听阈敏感区.与蝙蝠的社会交流叫声频率和同声定位声纳频率相对应,而蝙蝠的社会交流叫声频率的ABR听力图在不同种蝙蝠间具有间断跳跃的趋势.从耳蜗基底宽与基部头盖骨宽的关系看,小翼手亚目较大翼手亚目的耳蜗形态要大得多.基本呈现负相关趋势.发现在同科蝙蝠问耳蜗形态与体型呈正向相关关系,比较四种蝙蝠的听力图形状,大蹄蝠均较体型小的蹄蝠听阈值要低及听觉频率范围要宽广.结论本研究结果说明目前体型大的蝙蝠拥有较大的耳蜗形态.与其发声器官相匹配的是耳蜗既要接收高频叫声的回声定位声纳信号,又要进行较低频率叫声的社会信息交流,支持蝙蝠叫声频率与听觉器官及听觉功能协同进化的结论.
목적 연구아국현존편복적이와형태화객관은력도여체형삼수적상관성,위현존편복적은각기관형태화공능진화상태제공수거자료,급편복은각기관여발성빈솔적필배관계제공의거.건립화완선객관평고편복은력도적이론화방법,통과본연구의위편복적진화이론、생태괄응대책화회성정위생리궤제제공의거.방법 응용미국TDT계통Ⅲ(Tucker-Davis Technologies TDT System Ⅲ)대대제복、황대제복、중제복화소제복사충제복적은성뇌간반응(auditory brainstem response,ABR)은력도진행측량화대비분석,측량사충제복적체형삼수화이와형태삼수,채용통계학방법분석체형삼수전비장여이와기저관、이와고화기부두개골관.이급체형여제복규성주빈솔적상관관계.결과 본연구결과증명,편복체형여기규성주빈솔정부상관관계,체형여편복적사회교류규성빈솔역정부상관관계.ABR은력도여행위은력도기본상사,제복은력도구유량도삼개은역민감구.여편복적사회교류규성빈솔화동성정위성납빈솔상대응,이편복적사회교류규성빈솔적ABR은력도재불동충편복간구유간단도약적추세.종이와기저관여기부두개골관적관계간,소익수아목교대익수아목적이와형태요대득다.기본정현부상관추세.발현재동과편복문이와형태여체형정정향상관관계,비교사충편복적은력도형상,대제복균교체형소적제복은역치요저급은각빈솔범위요관엄.결론 본연구결과설명목전체형대적편복옹유교대적이와형태.여기발성기관상필배적시이와기요접수고빈규성적회성정위성납신호,우요진행교저빈솔규성적사회신식교류,지지편복규성빈솔여은각기관급은각공능협동진화적결론.
Objective To study evolution of bat auditory organs and functions and the relationship between bat au ditory organs and call frequencies through examining the auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiogram, cochlear mor phology and body parameters in four bat species in China. The study is intended to establish a methodology of reliable e-valuation of bat audiogram and to provide guidance in understanding bat evolution and policy-making for eco-protection. Methods ABR audiograms were obtained using a TDT III system in Hipposideridae: Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros pratti, Hipposideros larvatus and Hipposideros cineraceus. Cochlear and body parameters were also measured in these species. The relationships among the forearm length, cochlear base width, cochlear height, skull base width and call fre quencies were analyzed. Results The body size was negatively correlated to the primary call frequency and social call frequencies in these bats. The ABR audiogram correlated well with behavioral audiogram. Two or three high sensitivity threshold areas were identified on the audiogram, which corresponded to the bats' social call and echolocation sonar fre quencies. Discrete social call frequency intervals were noticed on the audiogram when compared among different species. Judging from the ratio between cochlear base width and skull base width, the cochlea in small size species is relatively large compared to large size species, demonstrating a trend of negative correlation. Within the same species, however, the size of the cochlea is positively correlated to the body size. On audiogram, larger size bats showed lower auditory thresh olds and wider auditory frequency range than smaller size bats. Conclusion Large size bats appear to have relatively large size cochleae which are used to receive high echolocation frequencies as well as low social call frequencies. The data support the notion that bat auditory organs and functions are synchronized to evolution of their call frequencies.