农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2010年
3期
75-81
,共7页
降雨%水分供应%养分%微集水种植%水分利用效率%养分利用效率%玉米
降雨%水分供應%養分%微集水種植%水分利用效率%養分利用效率%玉米
강우%수분공응%양분%미집수충식%수분이용효솔%양분이용효솔%옥미
rainfall%water supply%nutrient%micro-catchment rainwater harvesting%water use efficiency (WUE)%nutrient use efficiency (NUE)%corn
为了探索微集水种植的增产机理及其适宜的雨量范围,通过大田模拟降雨试验,在2006-2007年研究了作物生长期间不同降雨量下微集水种植玉米对农田水肥利用效率的影响.结果表明,在230～440 mm雨量下,微集水种植玉米可提高其籽粒产量及水肥利用效率,2006年籽粒产量、农田水分利用效率(WUE)以及氮、磷和钾养分利用效率(NUEN、NUEP和NUEK)在230 mm雨量下较对照分别提高了75.4%、73.3%、56.0%、44.4%和106.8%,340 mm雨量下分别提高了36.7%、40.2%、22.8%、18.1%和35.5%,440 mm雨量下与平作相比差异不明显;2007年籽粒产量、WUE、NUEN、NUEP和NUEK在230 mm雨量下较对照分别提高了82.8%、77.4%、64.0%、52.2%和123.9%,340 mm雨量下分别提高了43.4%、43.1%、30.4%、21.8%和41.2%;440 mm雨量下籽粒产量、WUE和NUEN分别提高了11.2%、9.5%和10.1%.由此可知,在玉米全生育期降雨量230～440 mm范围内,通过微集水种植可以增加籽粒产量,提高农田水肥利用效率,尤其在雨量较低时,提高水肥利用效率及增产效果尤为明显.
為瞭探索微集水種植的增產機理及其適宜的雨量範圍,通過大田模擬降雨試驗,在2006-2007年研究瞭作物生長期間不同降雨量下微集水種植玉米對農田水肥利用效率的影響.結果錶明,在230～440 mm雨量下,微集水種植玉米可提高其籽粒產量及水肥利用效率,2006年籽粒產量、農田水分利用效率(WUE)以及氮、燐和鉀養分利用效率(NUEN、NUEP和NUEK)在230 mm雨量下較對照分彆提高瞭75.4%、73.3%、56.0%、44.4%和106.8%,340 mm雨量下分彆提高瞭36.7%、40.2%、22.8%、18.1%和35.5%,440 mm雨量下與平作相比差異不明顯;2007年籽粒產量、WUE、NUEN、NUEP和NUEK在230 mm雨量下較對照分彆提高瞭82.8%、77.4%、64.0%、52.2%和123.9%,340 mm雨量下分彆提高瞭43.4%、43.1%、30.4%、21.8%和41.2%;440 mm雨量下籽粒產量、WUE和NUEN分彆提高瞭11.2%、9.5%和10.1%.由此可知,在玉米全生育期降雨量230～440 mm範圍內,通過微集水種植可以增加籽粒產量,提高農田水肥利用效率,尤其在雨量較低時,提高水肥利用效率及增產效果尤為明顯.
위료탐색미집수충식적증산궤리급기괄의적우량범위,통과대전모의강우시험,재2006-2007년연구료작물생장기간불동강우량하미집수충식옥미대농전수비이용효솔적영향.결과표명,재230～440 mm우량하,미집수충식옥미가제고기자립산량급수비이용효솔,2006년자립산량、농전수분이용효솔(WUE)이급담、린화갑양분이용효솔(NUEN、NUEP화NUEK)재230 mm우량하교대조분별제고료75.4%、73.3%、56.0%、44.4%화106.8%,340 mm우량하분별제고료36.7%、40.2%、22.8%、18.1%화35.5%,440 mm우량하여평작상비차이불명현;2007년자립산량、WUE、NUEN、NUEP화NUEK재230 mm우량하교대조분별제고료82.8%、77.4%、64.0%、52.2%화123.9%,340 mm우량하분별제고료43.4%、43.1%、30.4%、21.8%화41.2%;440 mm우량하자립산량、WUE화NUEN분별제고료11.2%、9.5%화10.1%.유차가지,재옥미전생육기강우량230～440 mm범위내,통과미집수충식가이증가자립산량,제고농전수비이용효솔,우기재우량교저시,제고수비이용효솔급증산효과우위명현.
In order to determine the optimum method for increasing the productivity and the ranges of rainfalls applicable for the plastic-covered furrow and ridge farming practice for rainwater concentration (RC), the experiment simulated different rainfalls to examine the effects of RC on the efficiency of farmland fertilizer utilization of corn plants in 2006-2007 (summer corn and spring corn were planted as the indicators in 2006 and 2007, respectively). The results showed that with the rainfalls ranging within 230-440 mm, RC practice could enhance the grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE). In 2006, compared to conventional flat (CF) practice, the grain yield, WUE, NUE_N, NUE_P and NUE_K under RC increased by 75.4%, 73.3%, 56.0%, 44.4% and 106.8%, respectively, at the rainfall of 230mm, and by 36.7%, 40.2%, 22.8%, 18.1% and 35.5% at the rainfall of 340mm, respectively. At the rainfall of 440mm, however, no significant difference was observed between RC and CF. In 2007, the grain yield, WUE, NUEN, NUEP and NUEK under RC were 82.8%, 77.4%, 64.0%, 52.2% and 123.9% higher, respectively, at the rainfall of 230mm than those of CF, and 43.4%, 43.1%, 30.4%, 21.8% and 41.2% higher, respectively, at the rainfall of 340mm than those of CF, while at the rainfall of 440mm, the grain yield, WUE and NUE_N were 11.2%, 9.5% and 10.1% higher, respectively, under RC than under CF. Therefore, It is concluded that the RC farming practice could increase grain yield and improve WUE and NUE in farmland during the corn growing seasons with rainfall ranging 230-440 mm. It is also found that especially under lower rainfall, the practice had more obvious effect on the improvement of WUE and NUE and the increase of grain yield.
