目的 调查及评价哈尔滨市不同人群的碘营养状况,为制定食盐加碘标准和科学补碘提供依据.方法 2011年,在哈尔滨市的3个区和周边的3个县(市),各选择1个街道办事处(乡、镇),每个街道办事处(乡、镇)各选1个居委会(村),用系统抽样方法各抽取30户居民,分别检测家中碘盐、水碘和人均摄碘量.在每个抽中居委会(村)的居民户中,各抽取18 ～45岁成人20名；在每个被抽中的街道办事处(乡、镇),各选择孕妇、哺乳期妇女30名和8～ 10岁在校儿童100名,采集尿样,检测尿碘含量.根据调查结果,分析城区和农村的不同人群摄碘情况和碘营养情况,评估哈尔滨市居民的碘营养状况是否适宜.盐碘测定采用直接滴定法,水碘、尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度测定方法.结果 哈尔滨市城区和农村居民合格碘盐食用率分别为93.3％( 84/90)和96.3％(156/162),均＞90％;盐碘最高值分别为38.3、46.0 mg/kg,均未超过合格碘盐上限(50mg/kg),但有部分样品盐碘含量低于国家标准(20 mg/kg);从城区和农村水碘看,即便是最高值(9.40、8.40 μg/L)也未达到10 μg/L 的标准.农村每人、每天吃盐8.33 g,显著高于城区的7.03 g(Z=- 2.750,P＜0.01)；除农村8～ 10岁儿童尿碘(228.6 μg/L)较高外,城区和农村成人(111.3、195.6μg/L)、孕妇(193.0、172.9μg/L)、哺乳期妇女(128.4、173.7 μg/L)和城区儿童(186.8μg/L)尿碘中位数显示,碘营养水平均处于适宜状态.农村成人和儿童的尿碘中位数(195.6、228.6μg/L)明显高于城区成人和儿童(111.3、186.8 μg/L,Z值分别为- 2.294、- 5.434,P＜ 0.05或＜0.01).城区和农村成人、哺乳期妇女和孕妇碘缺乏人群的构成[46.7％(28/60)、21.6％(13/60)；21.1％(19/90)、21.3％(18/89)；27.8％(25/90)、42.2％(38/90)]明显高于碘过量人群的构成[4.6％(4/60)、5.0％(3/60)；16.7％(15/90)、16.9％( 15/89)；4.4％ (4/90)、0.0％(0/90)],但农村儿童碘过量人群所占比例[26.3％(79/300)]明显高于碘缺乏人群[5.6％(17/300)].结论 哈尔滨市居民自然环境仍处于缺碘状态;除农村儿童外,居民的摄碘量和人群碘营养水平基本处于适宜状态,成人、哺乳期妇女和孕妇人群碘缺乏造成疾病的风险要高于碘过量造成的风险,农村儿童碘过量所致疾病风险要高于碘缺乏.因此,需加强对不同人群的监测,在落实科学补碘的同时根据不同人群加强科学补碘的宣传.
目的 調查及評價哈爾濱市不同人群的碘營養狀況,為製定食鹽加碘標準和科學補碘提供依據.方法 2011年,在哈爾濱市的3箇區和週邊的3箇縣(市),各選擇1箇街道辦事處(鄉、鎮),每箇街道辦事處(鄉、鎮)各選1箇居委會(村),用繫統抽樣方法各抽取30戶居民,分彆檢測傢中碘鹽、水碘和人均攝碘量.在每箇抽中居委會(村)的居民戶中,各抽取18 ～45歲成人20名；在每箇被抽中的街道辦事處(鄉、鎮),各選擇孕婦、哺乳期婦女30名和8～ 10歲在校兒童100名,採集尿樣,檢測尿碘含量.根據調查結果,分析城區和農村的不同人群攝碘情況和碘營養情況,評估哈爾濱市居民的碘營養狀況是否適宜.鹽碘測定採用直接滴定法,水碘、尿碘測定採用砷鈰催化分光光度測定方法.結果 哈爾濱市城區和農村居民閤格碘鹽食用率分彆為93.3％( 84/90)和96.3％(156/162),均＞90％;鹽碘最高值分彆為38.3、46.0 mg/kg,均未超過閤格碘鹽上限(50mg/kg),但有部分樣品鹽碘含量低于國傢標準(20 mg/kg);從城區和農村水碘看,即便是最高值(9.40、8.40 μg/L)也未達到10 μg/L 的標準.農村每人、每天喫鹽8.33 g,顯著高于城區的7.03 g(Z=- 2.750,P＜0.01)；除農村8～ 10歲兒童尿碘(228.6 μg/L)較高外,城區和農村成人(111.3、195.6μg/L)、孕婦(193.0、172.9μg/L)、哺乳期婦女(128.4、173.7 μg/L)和城區兒童(186.8μg/L)尿碘中位數顯示,碘營養水平均處于適宜狀態.農村成人和兒童的尿碘中位數(195.6、228.6μg/L)明顯高于城區成人和兒童(111.3、186.8 μg/L,Z值分彆為- 2.294、- 5.434,P＜ 0.05或＜0.01).城區和農村成人、哺乳期婦女和孕婦碘缺乏人群的構成[46.7％(28/60)、21.6％(13/60)；21.1％(19/90)、21.3％(18/89)；27.8％(25/90)、42.2％(38/90)]明顯高于碘過量人群的構成[4.6％(4/60)、5.0％(3/60)；16.7％(15/90)、16.9％( 15/89)；4.4％ (4/90)、0.0％(0/90)],但農村兒童碘過量人群所佔比例[26.3％(79/300)]明顯高于碘缺乏人群[5.6％(17/300)].結論 哈爾濱市居民自然環境仍處于缺碘狀態;除農村兒童外,居民的攝碘量和人群碘營養水平基本處于適宜狀態,成人、哺乳期婦女和孕婦人群碘缺乏造成疾病的風險要高于碘過量造成的風險,農村兒童碘過量所緻疾病風險要高于碘缺乏.因此,需加彊對不同人群的鑑測,在落實科學補碘的同時根據不同人群加彊科學補碘的宣傳.
목적 조사급평개합이빈시불동인군적전영양상황,위제정식염가전표준화과학보전제공의거.방법 2011년,재합이빈시적3개구화주변적3개현(시),각선택1개가도판사처(향、진),매개가도판사처(향、진)각선1개거위회(촌),용계통추양방법각추취30호거민,분별검측가중전염、수전화인균섭전량.재매개추중거위회(촌)적거민호중,각추취18 ～45세성인20명；재매개피추중적가도판사처(향、진),각선택잉부、포유기부녀30명화8～ 10세재교인동100명,채집뇨양,검측뇨전함량.근거조사결과,분석성구화농촌적불동인군섭전정황화전영양정황,평고합이빈시거민적전영양상황시부괄의.염전측정채용직접적정법,수전、뇨전측정채용신시최화분광광도측정방법.결과 합이빈시성구화농촌거민합격전염식용솔분별위93.3％( 84/90)화96.3％(156/162),균＞90％;염전최고치분별위38.3、46.0 mg/kg,균미초과합격전염상한(50mg/kg),단유부분양품염전함량저우국가표준(20 mg/kg);종성구화농촌수전간,즉편시최고치(9.40、8.40 μg/L)야미체도10 μg/L 적표준.농촌매인、매천흘염8.33 g,현저고우성구적7.03 g(Z=- 2.750,P＜0.01)；제농촌8～ 10세인동뇨전(228.6 μg/L)교고외,성구화농촌성인(111.3、195.6μg/L)、잉부(193.0、172.9μg/L)、포유기부녀(128.4、173.7 μg/L)화성구인동(186.8μg/L)뇨전중위수현시,전영양수평균처우괄의상태.농촌성인화인동적뇨전중위수(195.6、228.6μg/L)명현고우성구성인화인동(111.3、186.8 μg/L,Z치분별위- 2.294、- 5.434,P＜ 0.05혹＜0.01).성구화농촌성인、포유기부녀화잉부전결핍인군적구성[46.7％(28/60)、21.6％(13/60)；21.1％(19/90)、21.3％(18/89)；27.8％(25/90)、42.2％(38/90)]명현고우전과량인군적구성[4.6％(4/60)、5.0％(3/60)；16.7％(15/90)、16.9％( 15/89)；4.4％ (4/90)、0.0％(0/90)],단농촌인동전과량인군소점비례[26.3％(79/300)]명현고우전결핍인군[5.6％(17/300)].결론 합이빈시거민자연배경잉처우결전상태;제농촌인동외,거민적섭전량화인군전영양수평기본처우괄의상태,성인、포유기부녀화잉부인군전결핍조성질병적풍험요고우전과량조성적풍험,농촌인동전과량소치질병풍험요고우전결핍.인차,수가강대불동인군적감측,재락실과학보전적동시근거불동인군가강과학보전적선전.
Objective To investigate current iodine nutritional status of different groups of people in Harbin city, and to provide the basis for development of salt iodization standard and scientific iodine supplementation.Methods Three urban districts and three surrounding counties were chosen in Harbin,2011.In each chosen urban district and county,one district office (township) was selected,and one residents committee (village) was chosen in each of the district office(township),and 30 households were selected by systematic sampling.Iodized salt,water iodine and iodine intake per capita were investigated.In each of the residents committee (village),20 adults aged 18 - 45,30 pregnant women or lactating women,and 100 school children aged 8 - 10 were selected.Urine samples were collected and urinary iodine level were tested.Salt iodine was determined by direct titration,water and urinary iodine by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Iodine uptake and iodine nutritional status of different populations in Harbin urban and rural areas were compared.Results The edible rate of qunlified iodized salt were 93.3％(84/90) and 96.3％(156/162) in Harbin urban and rural residents,respectively,which were all greater than 90％,and the highest value of salt iodine were 38.3,46.0 mg/kg,respectively,in urban and rural areas,which all did not exceed the upper limit(50 mg/kg) of qualified iodized salt,but there were some samples of salt iodine content below the national standard(20 mg/kg).Water iodine value in urban and rural areas,even the highest value(9.40,8.40 μg/L),was failed to meet the national standard 10 μg/L; salt eaten by rural people perperson a day(8.33 g) was significantly higher than that of the urban people(7.03 g,Z=- 2.750,P ＜ 0.01); in addition to rural children aged 8 - 10,whose urinary iodine value(228.6 μg/L) was higher,the values in urban and rural adults ( 111.3,195.6 μg/L),pregnant women ( 193.0,172.9 μg/L),lactating women ( 128.4,173.7 μg/L)and urban children ( 186.8 μg/L ) were all in appropriate level.The urinary iodine medians ( 195.6,228.6 μg/L )of adults and children in rural were significantly higher than that of urban adults and children(111.3,186.8 μg/L,Z =- 2.294,- 5.434,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01,respectively).Population composition of iodine deficiency in both urban and rural adults,lactating and pregnant women[46.7％(28/60),21.6％(13/60) ; 21.1％(19/90),21.3％ (18/89) ; 27.8％ ( 25/90 ),42.2％ (38/90) ] were significantly higher than that of the population composition with iodine excess[4.6％(4/60),5.0％(3/60) ; 16.7％(15/90),16.9％(15/89) ; 4.4％(4/90),0.0％(0/90)],but proportion of iodine excessive population in rural children [26.3％(79/300)] was significantly higher than proportion of iodine deficiency[5.6％(17/300)].Conclusions The natural environment of Harbin city is still in the iodinedeficient state.In addition to children in rural areas,the iodine intake and iodine nutrition level is basically appropriate; the risk of disease caused by iodine deficiency in adults,lactating and pregnant women is higher than by iodine excess,but the situation of children in rural is on the opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of different populations,and supplement iodine scientifically based on their need.
