CAJ | 학술논문

为给豫中地区氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据,以百农矮抗58为试验材料,在全生育期施纯氮270 kg·hm~(-2)条件下,研究了氮肥基追施比例(分别为3:7、5:5和7:3)及追氮时期(起身期和拔节期)对豫中地区小麦叶片叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、硝酸还原酶活性及籽粒产量的影响.结果表明,氮肥运筹对小麦叶片生理及粒重均有显著影响,充足的基氮有利于前期叶片叶绿素含量的提高.增加氮肥追施比例在拔节期追氮能显著提高生育后期叶片叶绿素的含量和硝酸还原酶活性,降低抽穗后叶片丙二醛的含量,籽粒成熟时粒重较高.氮肥施用时期和基追比的互作对叶片硝酸还原酶活性影响显著,对叶片叶绿素含量和丙二醛含量的影响未达显著水平.在豫中地区生态环境下,全生育期施纯氮270 kg·hm~(-2),以基追比例3:7在拔节期进行追氮,可延缓叶片衰老,提高穗粒数和粒重,获得高产.
위급예중지구담비적합리시용제공이론의거,이백농왜항58위시험재료,재전생육기시순담270 kg·hm~(-2)조건하,연구료담비기추시비례(분별위3:7、5:5화7:3)급추담시기(기신기화발절기)대예중지구소맥협편협록소함량、병이철함량、초산환원매활성급자립산량적영향.결과표명,담비운주대소맥협편생리급립중균유현저영향,충족적기담유리우전기협편협록소함량적제고.증가담비추시비례재발절기추담능현저제고생육후기협편협록소적함량화초산환원매활성,강저추수후협편병이철적함량,자립성숙시립중교고.담비시용시기화기추비적호작대협편초산환원매활성영향현저,대협편협록소함량화병이철함량적영향미체현저수평.재예중지구생태배경하,전생육기시순담270 kg·hm~(-2),이기추비례3:7재발절기진행추담,가연완협편쇠로,제고수립수화립중,획득고산.
Central Henan is a major winter wheat production area of Henan Province. In this paper, the effects of application time and basal/topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf physiology and grain yield of winter wheat Bainong'aikang 58 were studied from 2007 to 2008 in central Henan. With two-factor randomized block design, three ratios of nitrogen basal/topdressing and two applying times were included in this experiment, and the total pure nitrogen was 270 kg per hectare. the topdressing stages were at either standing stage or jointing stage. The results showed that nitrogen treatments influenced leaf physiology and grain yield significantly. Sufficient basal nitrogen could improve leaf chlorophyll content in early growing stage. Applying nitrogen at jointing stage was beneficial to the growth of wheat compared with applying at standing stage. Adding topdressing nitrogen and applying nitrogen at jointing stage could increase the chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity of leaves in late growing stage, decrease the malonaldehyde content of leaves after heading stage, and meanwhile increased the grain weight. The results of variance analysis showed that nitrate reductase activity of leaves was influenced significantly by the interaction of application time and basal/topdressing ratio. In central area of Henan province, it was feasible to apply pure nitrogen 270 kg per hectare, in which the basal/topdressing ratio was 3 to 7 and the applying time was at jointing stage. With this nitrogen treatment, leaf senescence could be delayed, higher grain number per spike and grain weight could be achieved, and therefore higher grain yield could be obtained.