背景:鼻翼软骨是构成鼻下部1/3,即鼻尖、鼻翼和鼻小柱形状的主要成份,其结构对鼻部外形,尤其是鼻尖形状具有决定性作用.对鼻翼软骨进行深入细致地研究,有利于加深对鼻翼软骨形态、结构与功能的认识,帮助临床医生正确处理鼻下部病变及开展医学美容.目的:通过观测外鼻解剖结构,旨在阐明鼻翼软骨对鼻部外形,尤其是鼻尖形状的组织学作用.设计、时间及地点:重复测量观察实验,于2006-09-01/26在解放军第二军医大学解剖实验室完成.材料:保存完好的新鲜成年尸体15具,其中男性10具,女性5具.方法:为了全面观察外鼻的细微结构,解剖15具尸体30侧外鼻,解剖时由浅入深,从鼻背正中开始,分层解剖,观察鼻部血管所在层次及各层次特点,重点观察离体前及游离后鼻翼软骨的形态,并进行测量及记录.主要观察指标:鼻翼大软骨内侧脚、外侧脚及内外侧脚夹角测量值.结果:鼻翼软骨为一对呈开口向后的"u"形薄软骨板,位于侧鼻软骨下方,鼻翼的前内侧,由内、外侧脚和穹隆部构成;较薄,离体外形结构不大固定,穹隆部的形状难准确描述,大多呈波浪形或有皱褶.外侧脚呈菱形或长条形,长(16.21±2.71)mm,宽(8.45+1.72)mm,厚(1.09±0.18)mm,头缘与侧鼻软骨下缘相交,并略覆盖侧鼻软骨下缘使二者部分重叠,也可仅相交而无重叠;外侧脚构成鼻翼大部的基础;内侧脚狭细,构成鼻尖和鼻小柱前部的支架,呈向后下的弧形弯曲或S形弯曲.长(13.06±2.16)mm,宽(3.79±0.58)mm,厚(1.02±0.18)mm.左、右内侧脚在正中线借结缔组织相连,并以相同方式连于侧鼻软骨的前下缘.内、外侧脚在鼻尖部以锐角相交,其角度为(75.25±11.17)°,内、外侧脚在鼻尖部相交形成大翼软骨穹隆部,两侧穹隆部构成鼻尖部的支架.结论:鼻翼软骨菲薄,鼻翼软骨由内侧脚、外侧脚及穹隆部构成,其决定外鼻的形态,尤其是鼻尖的形态,外鼻整形中要注意保护鼻翼软骨.
揹景:鼻翼軟骨是構成鼻下部1/3,即鼻尖、鼻翼和鼻小柱形狀的主要成份,其結構對鼻部外形,尤其是鼻尖形狀具有決定性作用.對鼻翼軟骨進行深入細緻地研究,有利于加深對鼻翼軟骨形態、結構與功能的認識,幫助臨床醫生正確處理鼻下部病變及開展醫學美容.目的:通過觀測外鼻解剖結構,旨在闡明鼻翼軟骨對鼻部外形,尤其是鼻尖形狀的組織學作用.設計、時間及地點:重複測量觀察實驗,于2006-09-01/26在解放軍第二軍醫大學解剖實驗室完成.材料:保存完好的新鮮成年尸體15具,其中男性10具,女性5具.方法:為瞭全麵觀察外鼻的細微結構,解剖15具尸體30側外鼻,解剖時由淺入深,從鼻揹正中開始,分層解剖,觀察鼻部血管所在層次及各層次特點,重點觀察離體前及遊離後鼻翼軟骨的形態,併進行測量及記錄.主要觀察指標:鼻翼大軟骨內側腳、外側腳及內外側腳夾角測量值.結果:鼻翼軟骨為一對呈開口嚮後的"u"形薄軟骨闆,位于側鼻軟骨下方,鼻翼的前內側,由內、外側腳和穹隆部構成;較薄,離體外形結構不大固定,穹隆部的形狀難準確描述,大多呈波浪形或有皺褶.外側腳呈蔆形或長條形,長(16.21±2.71)mm,寬(8.45+1.72)mm,厚(1.09±0.18)mm,頭緣與側鼻軟骨下緣相交,併略覆蓋側鼻軟骨下緣使二者部分重疊,也可僅相交而無重疊;外側腳構成鼻翼大部的基礎;內側腳狹細,構成鼻尖和鼻小柱前部的支架,呈嚮後下的弧形彎麯或S形彎麯.長(13.06±2.16)mm,寬(3.79±0.58)mm,厚(1.02±0.18)mm.左、右內側腳在正中線藉結締組織相連,併以相同方式連于側鼻軟骨的前下緣.內、外側腳在鼻尖部以銳角相交,其角度為(75.25±11.17)°,內、外側腳在鼻尖部相交形成大翼軟骨穹隆部,兩側穹隆部構成鼻尖部的支架.結論:鼻翼軟骨菲薄,鼻翼軟骨由內側腳、外側腳及穹隆部構成,其決定外鼻的形態,尤其是鼻尖的形態,外鼻整形中要註意保護鼻翼軟骨.
배경:비익연골시구성비하부1/3,즉비첨、비익화비소주형상적주요성빈,기결구대비부외형,우기시비첨형상구유결정성작용.대비익연골진행심입세치지연구,유리우가심대비익연골형태、결구여공능적인식,방조림상의생정학처리비하부병변급개전의학미용.목적:통과관측외비해부결구,지재천명비익연골대비부외형,우기시비첨형상적조직학작용.설계、시간급지점:중복측량관찰실험,우2006-09-01/26재해방군제이군의대학해부실험실완성.재료:보존완호적신선성년시체15구,기중남성10구,녀성5구.방법:위료전면관찰외비적세미결구,해부15구시체30측외비,해부시유천입심,종비배정중개시,분층해부,관찰비부혈관소재층차급각층차특점,중점관찰리체전급유리후비익연골적형태,병진행측량급기록.주요관찰지표:비익대연골내측각、외측각급내외측각협각측량치.결과:비익연골위일대정개구향후적"u"형박연골판,위우측비연골하방,비익적전내측,유내、외측각화궁륭부구성;교박,리체외형결구불대고정,궁륭부적형상난준학묘술,대다정파랑형혹유추습.외측각정릉형혹장조형,장(16.21±2.71)mm,관(8.45+1.72)mm,후(1.09±0.18)mm,두연여측비연골하연상교,병략복개측비연골하연사이자부분중첩,야가부상교이무중첩;외측각구성비익대부적기출;내측각협세,구성비첨화비소주전부적지가,정향후하적호형만곡혹S형만곡.장(13.06±2.16)mm,관(3.79±0.58)mm,후(1.02±0.18)mm.좌、우내측각재정중선차결체조직상련,병이상동방식련우측비연골적전하연.내、외측각재비첨부이예각상교,기각도위(75.25±11.17)°,내、외측각재비첨부상교형성대익연골궁륭부,량측궁륭부구성비첨부적지가.결론:비익연골비박,비익연골유내측각、외측각급궁륭부구성,기결정외비적형태,우기시비첨적형태,외비정형중요주의보호비익연골.
BACKGROUND: Nasal alar cartilage constitutes the main component of the lower 1/3 of the nose, that is, nose tip, nose wing, and nasal columella, its structure has a decisive role on the nose shape, especially the tip of the nose shape. The intensive study on nasal alar cartilage will help deepen our understandings of nasal alar cartilage morphology, structure and function, and help clinicians to correctly handle the lesions of nose and the lower part and to carry out medical beauty. OBJECTIVE: By observing external nasal anatomy, to clarify the histological role of nasal alar cartilage on nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental observation of repeated measurement was conducted at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 1~(st) to 26~(th), 2006.MATERIALS: Well-preserved bodies of 15 fresh adult, containing 10 males and 5 females were used in this study.METHODS: To fully observe the fine structure of external nose, 30 sides of 15 external noses were dissected, and autopsy started from the medium dorsum of nose, layered anatomy, to observe various layers and the characteristics of the layers with blood vessels, focusing on observation of in vitro pre - and free post-nasal alar cartilage morphology, and measurement and recording were performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Big foot medial alar cartilage, lateral feet and the angle of inside and outside legs were measured.RESULTS: Alar cartilage was open for a pair of backward "u"-shaped thin cartilage plate, and lateral nasal cartilage was located below and anteriomedialis the nose, was composed of medial and lateral crus and fornix, with thin body shape, unfixed structure. The shape of fornix was difficult to accurately describe; most presented wavy or folded. Lateral crus presented diamond-shaped or long strip, (16.21±2.71) mm in length, (8.45±1.72) mm in width, (1.09±0.18) mm in thickness. Cephalic rim intersected lower edge of lateral nasal cartilage, and slightly covered the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage, so that the two were overlapped, but also only the intersection without overlapping. Lateral crus constituted the base of nasal wings. Narrow medial crus formed nasal tip and the frame of front nasal columeila, showing posteroinferior curve or S shape, (13.06±2.16) mm in length, (3.79±0.58) mm in width, (1.02±0.18) mm in thickness. The left and right medial crus in the middle were connected by connective tissue, and in the same way connected to the anterior margin of the lateral nasal cartilage. Medial and lateral crus in the nasal tip showed an acute angle intersection, its angle (75.25±11.17)°. The medial and lateral crus intersected in the nasal tip and formed the fomix of the greater alar cartilage. The bilateral cornix constituted the frame of the nasal tip. CONCLUSION: Meager nasal alar cartilage is composed of the medial crus, lateral crus and fornix, which determined the nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape. External nose plastic surgery should pay attention to the protection of nasal alar cartilage.
