CAJ | 학술논문

A_1Tx3197曾经是我国广泛应用的高粱细胞质雄性不育系,20世纪70年代末,由于高粱丝黑穗病病菌生理小种分化,该不育系以及用其配制的杂交种逐渐失去了对高粱丝黑穗病菌的抗性.同时该不育系小花败育日渐严重,制种产量极低,甚至造成绝收.为了改良A_1Tx3197的抗病性及抗败育性,本研究利用A_2保持系在A_1位点含有A_1育性恢复基因MS_1MS_1和在A_1细胞质背景下表现恢复的特点,以不育系A_1Tx3197为轮回亲本,以含有抗丝黑穗病、抗败育基因的BV_4为供体,通过杂交和多代回交,得到含有双抗基因的A_2类型细胞质雄性不育的保持系BS×3197(MS_1ms_1ms_2ms_2),在该材料自交的同时,用其对A_2细胞质雄性不育系进行细胞核代换,经过多代回交和自交,最终育成了抗丝黑穗病、抗败育的A_2细胞质雄性不育系A_2Sx3197和保持系BSx3197(MS_1MS_1ms_2ms_2).结果表明,新选育的不育系A_2Sx3197在A_1和A_5细胞质背景下表现恢复,在A_2、A_3、A_4、A_6和9E细胞质背景下表现不育,丝黑穗平均发病率为0～0.8%,败育率为0～8.4%,抗丝黑穗病性、抗败育性明显优于被改良不育系,接近或达到抗源供体BV_4水平;而在抽穗期、株高、穗长、穗宽、千粒重、穗粒重、粒色、壳色、穗形、穗型等主要性状方面与A_1Tx3197差异不显著.
A_1Tx3197증경시아국엄범응용적고량세포질웅성불육계,20세기70년대말,유우고량사흑수병병균생리소충분화,해불육계이급용기배제적잡교충축점실거료대고량사흑수병균적항성.동시해불육계소화패육일점엄중,제충산량겁저,심지조성절수.위료개량A_1Tx3197적항병성급항패육성,본연구이용A_2보지계재A_1위점함유A_1육성회복기인MS_1MS_1화재A_1세포질배경하표현회복적특점,이불육계A_1Tx3197위륜회친본,이함유항사흑수병、항패육기인적BV_4위공체,통과잡교화다대회교,득도함유쌍항기인적A_2류형세포질웅성불육적보지계BS×3197(MS_1ms_1ms_2ms_2),재해재료자교적동시,용기대A_2세포질웅성불육계진행세포핵대환,경과다대회교화자교,최종육성료항사흑수병、항패육적A_2세포질웅성불육계A_2Sx3197화보지계BSx3197(MS_1MS_1ms_2ms_2).결과표명,신선육적불육계A_2Sx3197재A_1화A_5세포질배경하표현회복,재A_2、A_3、A_4、A_6화9E세포질배경하표현불육,사흑수평균발병솔위0～0.8%,패육솔위0～8.4%,항사흑수병성、항패육성명현우우피개량불육계,접근혹체도항원공체BV_4수평;이재추수기、주고、수장、수관、천립중、수립중、립색、각색、수형、수형등주요성상방면여A_1Tx3197차이불현저.
The sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line A_1Tx3197 was used widely in China. At the end of 1970s, this line and its hybrids gradually lost resistance to sorghum head smut because of race shift. Meanwhile, the floret abortion of this line led to low yield. Since the maintainer of A_2 type CMS can restore the fertility of A_1 type CMS, to improve the head smut resistance and floret fertility of A_1Tx3197, BV_4 with the genes conferring the head smut and floret abortion resistances was used as a donor, and A_1Tx3197 was used as a recurrent parent. After five generation backcrossing, an intermediate material BSx3197 carrying head smut and floret abortion resistance genes, a maintainer for A_2-CMS, was acquired. Then BSx3197 was used to replace the karyon of A_2 type CMS line. Finally, a novel A_2 type CMS line A_2Sx3197 with its maintainer BSx3197 (MS_1MS_1ms_2msv) was bred. The line A_2Sx3197 was restorable in A_1 and A_5 cytoplasmic background, but sterile in A_2, A_3, A_4, A_6, 9E cytoplasmic background. The average disease incidence of A_2Sx3197 was 0-0.8%, and the average abortion incidence was 0-8.4%. A_2Sx3197 had significantly higher resistance to the head smut and floret abortion than A_1Sx3197, which was similar with BV4. The main agronomic traits of A_2Sx3197 and A_1Tx3197 were not significantly different, such as days of heading, plant height, spike length, spike width, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per spike, grain color, shell color, spike shape, and spike type.