CAJ | 학술논문

明代是否存在＂京报＂以及＂京报＂的性质问题,一直是新闻史学界长期关注的话题。此前,作为文献史料,仅限于清人俞正燮《癸巳存稿》中的一则材料。当代新闻史学者对史料的发掘又有了一些新的进展,如方汉奇、姚福申等先生的考察,但也多限于小说、戏曲等文学作品的描述。根据元明时期文献中关于＂京报＂的若干材料,从词源学的角度分析,认为＂京报＂一词最早产生于元代;作为报纸的形态,明代的＂京报＂已经存在,而且包括两种不同性质的类型：一类是封建政府的官报——邸报,一类是民间报房的私报——小报。明代＂京报＂具有的双重称谓,主要原因可能是由于阅读者的＂误读＂造成的。
명대시부존재＂경보＂이급＂경보＂적성질문제,일직시신문사학계장기관주적화제。차전,작위문헌사료,부한우청인유정섭《계사존고》중적일칙재료。당대신문사학자대사료적발굴우유료일사신적진전,여방한기、요복신등선생적고찰,단야다한우소설、희곡등문학작품적묘술。근거원명시기문헌중관우＂경보＂적약간재료,종사원학적각도분석,인위＂경보＂일사최조산생우원대;작위보지적형태,명대적＂경보＂이경존재,이차포괄량충불동성질적류형：일류시봉건정부적관보——저보,일류시민간보방적사보——소보。명대＂경보＂구유적쌍중칭위,주요원인가능시유우열독자적＂오독＂조성적。
Whether there has been the existence of Ching-pao in Ming Dynasty and its nature has long been a topic of concern to journalist historians.Prior to that,the historical document was only limited to Yu Zhengxie＇s material in Guisi Manuscript.Contemporary journalist historians have made some new progress in the exploration of historical data,like the explorations made by Fang Hanqi and Yao Fusheng,etc,though they are mainly the descriptions of fictions,dramas and other literary works.Based on the historical documents in Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the paper assumes from the etymological perspective that the term of ＂Ching-pao＂ originated as early as in Yuan Dynasty,and got published in Ming Dynasty as a kind of newspaper,which could be divided into two types： the feudal government＇s official newspaper and the folk private newspaper.Moreover,the paper also points out that Ching-pao in Ming Dynasty bearing dual titles is mainly due to readers＇＂misunderstanding＂.