CAJ | 학술논문

对1994～1995年和1996～1997两年度田间试验结果的分析认为，小麦冬旱实质上是一种生理干旱。冻层较高的水分作物难以利用，表土干旱却可加剧细胞脱水导致死亡；指出应以干土层厚度为麦田冬旱指标，确定冬旱麦田喷灌补水适宜时期为日平均气温0℃以上且不出现较长强低温，北京地区一般在2月中下旬；适宜补水量可根据干土层厚度计算：V=6.67h(θ-θ1)ρ或H=h(θ-θ1)ρ；早春适时适量补水不仅能消除干土层，平抑分蘖节深处土温变化，减少死苗，而且能促进早发，增加根系总量，有利返青生长和吸收水分养分，增加穗数、粒数和粒重，是抗御冬旱的有效方法和小麦增产潜力所在。
대1994～1995년화1996～1997량년도전간시험결과적분석인위，소맥동한실질상시일충생리간한。동층교고적수분작물난이이용，표토간한각가가극세포탈수도치사망；지출응이간토층후도위맥전동한지표，학정동한맥전분관보수괄의시기위일평균기온0℃이상차불출현교장강저온，북경지구일반재2월중하순；괄의보수량가근거간토층후도계산：V=6.67h(θ-θ1)ρ혹H=h(θ-θ1)ρ；조춘괄시괄량보수불부능소제간토층，평억분얼절심처토온변화，감소사묘，이차능촉진조발，증가근계총량，유리반청생장화흡수수분양분，증가수수、립수화립중，시항어동한적유효방법화소맥증산잠력소재。
Based on the analysis of the result of experiments carried out in 1994～1995 and 1996～1997, it is confirmed that winter drought of wheat is a kind of physiological drought, because moisture in frozen soil is difficult to be absorbed by roots and tissues of seedlings may be dehydrated or even killed by dry surface soil. It is suggested that the depth of dry surface soil is a reasonable index of winter drought of wheat. the best period of Spray irrigation for remedy is that when the mean temperature reaches above 0℃ (the 2nd and 3rd 10days of Feb. in Beijing area) and there is no cold days after then. Irrigation quantity can be calculated by the formula:V=6.67h(θ-θ1)ρ or H=h(θ-θ1)ρ. Spray irrigation in early spring can eliminate dry soil layer, decrease the variation of soil temperature round the tillering nodes. As a result death of plants will be reduced and the number of roots, ears, grains and grain weight will increase. It is suggested that spray irrigation in early spring is a good method for attenuation of winter drought of wheat and increase of yield in North China.