CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解湖南省人群死亡水平、死因谱变化趋势,分析影响居民健康的主要疾病.方法采用回顾调查方法,抽样调查湖南省2004-2005年居民死亡原因及其相关信息,与湖南省1973-1975年、1990-1992年2次死因回顾调查资料进行比较.结果 1973-1975年、1990-1992年、2004-2005年湖南省居民粗死亡率分别为901.59/10万、588.64/10万、608.27/10万;标化死亡率分别为865.14/10万、537.42/10万、413.67/10万.30年间标化死亡率下降了52.18%,农村下降幅度大于城市,女性大于男性.感染性疾病、母婴疾病及营养缺乏性疾病死亡构成比随着年代推移而显著下降(P＜0.01),慢性非传染性疾病(慢病)死亡构成比显著上升(P＜0.01),变化幅度均为农村大于城市.各年代损伤和中毒死亡构成比均以5岁组为最高,25岁组位居第二(P＜0.01).2004-2005年湖南省居民感染性疾病、母婴疾病及营养缺乏性疾病死亡构成比为8.01%,慢病为80.66%,损伤和中毒为11.33%.30年间,三大类疾病标化死亡率均明显下降,其中,下降幅度最大的是感染性疾病、母婴疾病及营养缺乏性疾病,下降幅度最小的是慢病.在慢病死亡病例中,脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病标化死亡率均呈上升趋势,死亡顺位分别提前到2004-2005年的第一位、第二位和第四位.结论湖南省城乡居民标化死亡率均呈下降趋势.心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤已成为影响湖南省人群健康的重要疾病.损伤和中毒是湖南省儿童青少年的首位死因.
목적 료해호남성인군사망수평、사인보변화추세,분석영향거민건강적주요질병.방법 채용회고조사방법,추양조사호남성2004-2005년거민사망원인급기상관신식,여호남성1973-1975년、1990-1992년2차사인회고조사자료진행비교.결과 1973-1975년、1990-1992년、2004-2005년호남성거민조사망솔분별위901.59/10만、588.64/10만、608.27/10만;표화사망솔분별위865.14/10만、537.42/10만、413.67/10만.30년간표화사망솔하강료52.18%,농촌하강폭도대우성시,녀성대우남성.감염성질병、모영질병급영양결핍성질병사망구성비수착년대추이이현저하강(P＜0.01),만성비전염성질병(만병)사망구성비현저상승(P＜0.01),변화폭도균위농촌대우성시.각년대손상화중독사망구성비균이5세조위최고,25세조위거제이(P＜0.01).2004-2005년호남성거민감염성질병、모영질병급영양결핍성질병사망구성비위8.01%,만병위80.66%,손상화중독위11.33%.30년간,삼대류질병표화사망솔균명현하강,기중,하강폭도최대적시감염성질병、모영질병급영양결핍성질병,하강폭도최소적시만병.재만병사망병례중,뇌혈관병、악성종류、심장병표화사망솔균정상승추세,사망순위분별제전도2004-2005년적제일위、제이위화제사위.결론 호남성성향거민표화사망솔균정하강추세.심뇌혈관질병、악성종류이성위영향호남성인군건강적중요질병.손상화중독시호남성인동청소년적수위사인.
Objective To investigate the changing trend of mortality and the spectrum regarding causes of death in the population of Hunan, and to analyze the health-related major diseases.Methods With retrospective study method, a sample survey on causes of death and the related information was carried out from 2004 to 2005 among the residents in Hunan province. Results were compared with the data from a retrospective survey on causes of death in Hunan during 1973-1975 and 1990-1992, respectively. Results The crude mortality rates and the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of the reisidents in Hunan were 901.59/100 000 and 865.14/100 000 during the period of 1973-1975 while 588.64/100 000 and 537.42/100 000 druing the period of 1990-1992, and 608.27/100 000 and 413.67/100 000 during the period of 2004-2005, respectively. During the past 30 years, the SMR of the residents in Hunan decreased by 52.18% and the descending range from the rural areas was more than that of the urban areas, and higher in females than in males. The death proportion of infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, nutritional deficiencies decreased significantly (P＜0.01), but the death proportion of chronic non-communicable diseases increased significantly (P＜0.01). The changing ranges of the former two proportions were both larger in the rural areas than those in the urban areas. The highest proportions of deaths due to injury and poisoning during the past 30 years were both seen in the 5 year olds, followed by the age groups of 25 year olds (P＜0.01). During the period of 2004-2005, the death proportion of all the infectious diseases,maternal/perinatal diseases and nutritional deficiencies was 8.01% altogether, and those of chronic non-communicable diseases, injury and poisoning were 80.66% and 11.33%, respectively. During the past 30 years, the SMR of the three kinds of diseases all significantly decreased, more significantly seen in infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, and nutritional deficiencies but less in chronic non-communicable diseases. Among the death cases of chronic non-communicable diseases,the SMR of cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, and heart disease showed an increasing tendency and the sequences of them had been advanced to the first, the second, and the fourth in the death ranking during the period of 2004-2005, respectively. Conclusion The SMRs of the residents in the urban and rural areas from Hunan province showed a declining tendency.Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors had become the important diseases affecting the health of the people, while injury and poisoning had otherwise topped the causes of death among children and adolescents in Hunan province.