CAJ | 학술논문

探明长期常规施肥下灌淤土小麦产量变化及其与施肥的关系,为灌淤土小麦施肥管理及提高作物产量提供理论依据.采取统计分析的方法,研究国家级土壤肥力长期监测点中灌淤土的4个代表性监测点常规施肥条件下小麦产量变化及其与施肥量的关系.结果表明,灌淤土长期耕作施肥近20年,小麦产量呈现出极显著的增长趋势,年均增加117 kg/hm~2,多年平均产量5 354 kg/hm~2;无肥区小麦产量则表现为下降趋势,年减产50 kg/hm~2,多年平均产量1 420 kg/hm~2.小麦产量与化肥NP、总施肥量(有机加无机)NPK均呈极显著正相关,其中前者呈对数关系,后者更接近直线相关,相关系数分别为0.699 5、0.395 5.小麦肥料农学利用效率平均年下降速率0.250 1 kg/kg,施肥区相对于无肥区的多年平均增产率371%,其中,在单施化肥情况下,前者平均年下降速率为1.766 4 kg/kg,后者表现出下降趋势,但不显著;而有机无机配施条件下,则前者有上升趋势,但不显著,后者年均增加30.9个百分点.施肥是增加灌淤土小麦产量的重要措施.采取有机无机肥料相结合的方式,在施足有机肥的基础上,适当控制磷肥施用量,增施氮钾肥可实现小麦高产、稳产.
탐명장기상규시비하관어토소맥산량변화급기여시비적관계,위관어토소맥시비관리급제고작물산량제공이론의거.채취통계분석적방법,연구국가급토양비력장기감측점중관어토적4개대표성감측점상규시비조건하소맥산량변화급기여시비량적관계.결과표명,관어토장기경작시비근20년,소맥산량정현출겁현저적증장추세,년균증가117 kg/hm~2,다년평균산량5 354 kg/hm~2;무비구소맥산량칙표현위하강추세,년감산50 kg/hm~2,다년평균산량1 420 kg/hm~2.소맥산량여화비NP、총시비량(유궤가무궤)NPK균정겁현저정상관,기중전자정대수관계,후자경접근직선상관,상관계수분별위0.699 5、0.395 5.소맥비료농학이용효솔평균년하강속솔0.250 1 kg/kg,시비구상대우무비구적다년평균증산솔371%,기중,재단시화비정황하,전자평균년하강속솔위1.766 4 kg/kg,후자표현출하강추세,단불현저;이유궤무궤배시조건하,칙전자유상승추세,단불현저,후자년균증가30.9개백분점.시비시증가관어토소맥산량적중요조시.채취유궤무궤비료상결합적방식,재시족유궤비적기출상,괄당공제린비시용량,증시담갑비가실현소맥고산、은산.
The study was conducted to reveal the relationship between wheat yield and fertilizing amount under long-term conventional fertilization,and to provide scientific reference for fertilization management and wheat yield improvement in irrigation silting soils.The dynamic relationship between wheat yield variations and fertilizer application were revealed by statistical analysis based on the nearly 20 years data sets in 4 long-term experiments in irrigation silting soils.After nearly 20 years fertilization,in irrigation silting soils region,wheat yield showed ascending trend,average increment was 117 kg/hm~2 per year,average annual yield was 5 354 kg/hm~2;On the other hand,in none-fertilizer plot,wheat yield showed descending trend,yearly decreased 50 kg/hm~2,average annual yield was 1 420 kg/hm~2.Wheat yield showed very significant positive correction with chemical fertilizer NPK and total NPK(including organic and chemical fertilizers together),the former was logarithmic relationship while the latter was more nearly straight line correlation.The correlation coefficient was 0.699 5 and 0.395 5,respectively.The fertilizer agronomic efficiency (FAE) decreased with average annual rate of 0.250 1 kg/kg.The relatively average annual stimulation ratio(ASR)of fertilized plot to no fertilization plot was 371%.When chemical nutrients were applied only,both FAE and ASR showed descending trend,and the former had descending ratio 1.766 4 kg/kg while the latter was not significant.Meanwhile,under combination of organic and chemical nutrients applied,the yield showed ascending trend,the FAE was indistinctive and the ASR had average ascending ratio of 30.9%.Fertilization was an important approach to improve crop yield in irrigation silting soils.After nearly 20 years fertilizer application,wheat yield in irrigation silting soils had a great change.It was an appropriate way to combine chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers application in this soil.It was suggested that increasing N and K fertilizers and controlling P fertilizer and reasonably adjusting fertilization ratio should be considered.On the base of abundant organic fertilizers,to improve the productivity and achieve high and stable wheat yield in irrigation silting soils could be achieved.