CAJ | 학술논문

目的通过长尾黄鼠(简称黄鼠)带鼠疫菌越冬实验,分析黄鼠是否存在带菌越冬的可能性,为探讨鼠疫菌在黄鼠体内越冬保存提供依据.方法在2006年9月至2007年4月和2007年9月至2008年4月,于新疆乌苏古尔图鼠疫自然疫源地内,在自然条件下模拟黄鼠带菌越冬过程,按1000万个菌/鼠,将鼠疫菌注射到178只黄鼠鼠鼷部皮下,进行黄鼠人工感染.将感染鼠疫菌的黄鼠置于鼠疫疫源地内人工修建的全黑(温度:1～5℃)地下室(距离地面下2 m)内,使其与外环境的黄鼠同步自然冬眠,待次年4月自然醒眠后,观察存活黄鼠体内的带菌情况.结果接种鼠疫菌的178只黄鼠,经过6个多月的冬眠期(当年的10月至下年的4月),醒眠后存活鼠68只,其余110只未度过冬眠期全部死亡,存活率为38.2%(68/178).未完成整个冬眠期死亡的110只黄鼠进行解剖和脏器鼠疫菌培养,67只阴性(-),43只阳性(+),阳性牢为39.1%(43/110).在这些鼠疫菌阳性鼠中,可见明显的肺充血水肿,心、肝、脾、肾及注射部位可见明显出血性炎症等病理改变;阴性鼠未见任何病理改变.完成整个冬眠期醒眠后存活的黄鼠,正常饲养20 d后处死,经解剖观察,脏器中未见任何病理改变;取心、肝、脾、肺等脏器及注射部位进行鼠疫菌培养,全部呈阴性(-);抗体检查阳性率为69.1%(47/68),抗体滴度范围主要在1:32～1:64.结论黄鼠可以带菌冬眠,但带菌过程未能覆盖整个冬眠期,呈不完全迁延性带菌过程;完成整个冬眠期存活的黄鼠未能检出鼠疫菌,表明黄鼠不能带菌越冬.
목적 통과장미황서(간칭황서)대서역균월동실험,분석황서시부존재대균월동적가능성,위탐토서역균재황서체내월동보존제공의거.방법 재2006년9월지2007년4월화2007년9월지2008년4월,우신강오소고이도서역자연역원지내,재자연조건하모의황서대균월동과정,안1000만개균/서,장서역균주사도178지황서서혜부피하,진행황서인공감염.장감염서역균적황서치우서역역원지내인공수건적전흑(온도:1～5℃)지하실(거리지면하2 m)내,사기여외배경적황서동보자연동면,대차년4월자연성면후,관찰존활황서체내적대균정황.결과 접충서역균적178지황서,경과6개다월적동면기(당년적10월지하년적4월),성면후존활서68지,기여110지미도과동면기전부사망,존활솔위38.2%(68/178).미완성정개동면기사망적110지황서진행해부화장기서역균배양,67지음성(-),43지양성(+),양성뢰위39.1%(43/110).재저사서역균양성서중,가견명현적폐충혈수종,심、간、비、신급주사부위가견명현출혈성염증등병리개변;음성서미견임하병리개변.완성정개동면기성면후존활적황서,정상사양20 d후처사,경해부관찰,장기중미견임하병리개변;취심、간、비、폐등장기급주사부위진행서역균배양,전부정음성(-);항체검사양성솔위69.1%(47/68),항체적도범위주요재1:32～1:64.결론 황서가이대균동면,단대균과정미능복개정개동면기,정불완전천연성대균과정;완성정개동면기존활적황서미능검출서역균,표명황서불능대균월동.
Objective To analysis and determine the possibility of the Citellus undulatus infected with Yersinia pestis surviving the winter in an experimental study, and to provide scientific experimental basis for the study on the mechanism of Yersinia pestis preservation. Method In 2006,09 to 2007,04 and 2007,09 to 2008,04 in Xinjiang Wusu-Gurtu natural foci of plague, under natural conditions, the over the winter process of Citellus undulatus carrying the plague bacteria was simulated, and 178 Citellus undulatus were infected with Yersinia pestis (1×107 Bacteria/mouse) using artificial injection method. One hundred seventy-eight Citellus undulatus infected with Yersinia pestis were kept into a construction of the black (1-5 ℃) basement (2 meters under the ground) in the plague focus. In doing so, these Citellus undulatuses almost simultaneously stepped into hibernation. After waking up from hibernation in following year in April, the survived mice carrying the plague bacteria were observed. Results Sixty-eight mice survived among the 178 infected with Yersinia pestis after 6 months of hibernation (through October to the following year in April), and the remaining 110 were all dead without pulling through the hibernation period. The survival rate was 38.2% (68/178). The organ culture of Yersinia pestis of the 110 dead mice(Citellus undnlatus) were tested, 67 were negative(-), 43 positive(+), with a positive rate of 39.1%(43/110). Among the rats with positive plague bacteria, the congestive pulmonary edema and the pathological changes of the hemorrhagic inflammation of the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and injection site could be seen clearly; the plague-free mice were not found to have any pathological changes. The survived 68 mice over the winter were autopsied and observed after being fed up for 20 days. No any pathological changes were found among these mice, and culturing of Yersinia pestis of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and the tissue of injection site of these mice were all negative (-). Conclusions Citellus undulatus can carry Yersinia pestis during hibernation, but some fail to carry the bacteria through the entire process of hibernation persistently. Yersinia pestis was negative in the survived mice at the end of hibernation. The results showed that Citellus undulatus can not carry Yersinia pestis over the winter.