中华实验眼科杂志
中華實驗眼科雜誌
중화실험안과잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
2012年
5期
462-466
,共5页
白内障%防盲治盲%患病率%流行病学调查%少数民族
白內障%防盲治盲%患病率%流行病學調查%少數民族
백내장%방맹치맹%환병솔%류행병학조사%소수민족
Cataract%Blindness prevention%Prevalence%Epidemiology%National minority
背景 白内障是中国主要的致盲性眼病,在国内不同地区其患病率有所差异. 目的 调查内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗农牧区≥50岁人群白内障的患病率、白内障手术覆盖率和手术前后的视力情况,为该地区制定防盲策略提供依据.方法 采用横断面调查研究设计.应用整群随机抽样的方法抽取克什克腾旗12个调查点≥50岁常住居民进行病史采集、视力、眼压及眼部检查,根据预调查过程制定纳入标准和详细的流行病学调查方案,纳入至少—眼患年龄相关性白内障的患者,受检者同时接受问卷调查,根据调查结果由专人计算白内障的患病率,分析该地区白内障发病的相关因素,统计当地白内障的手术覆盖率.结果 实际调查3826人,应答率为90.36％.3826例受检者中,白内障的患病率为31.39％.与白内障相关的危险因素为年龄(x2=101.005,P=0.000)、女性和文盲,其中女性和文盲的白内障患病率分别为36.98％和33.56％(x2=58.853,P=0.000;x2=12.037,P=0.007),蒙古族患病率(34.83％)明显高于汉族(29.76％),差异有统计学意义(x2=9.734,P=0.001).该地区自1998年以后白内障的手术率逐年增高.在以较好眼日常生活视力＜0.1作为盲标准的情况下,白内障盲的总手术覆盖率为20.60％,女性的手术覆盖率低于男性,文盲低于非文盲,蒙古族低于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(x2=1.993,P=0.038;x2=16.463,P=0.044;x2=8.523,P=0.029).白内障盲的总社会负担率为6.09％.以双眼小孔视力＜0.05作为盲的标准,白内障盲的总手术覆盖率为28.36％.蒙古族的白内障手术覆盖率明显低于汉族(24.53％vs.30.67％),差异有统计学意义(x2=12.951,P=0.000),白内障盲者的总社会负担率为3.34％.无论是以＜0.1还是＜0.05作为盲标准,＞70岁、女性、文盲以及蒙古族人群者中,白内障盲的社会负担率均明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 赤峰市克什克腾旗农牧区≥50岁人群的白内障致盲率较高,白内障手术覆盖率较低,提高农牧区白内障手术覆盖率是当务之急.
揹景 白內障是中國主要的緻盲性眼病,在國內不同地區其患病率有所差異. 目的 調查內矇古赤峰市剋什剋騰旂農牧區≥50歲人群白內障的患病率、白內障手術覆蓋率和手術前後的視力情況,為該地區製定防盲策略提供依據.方法 採用橫斷麵調查研究設計.應用整群隨機抽樣的方法抽取剋什剋騰旂12箇調查點≥50歲常住居民進行病史採集、視力、眼壓及眼部檢查,根據預調查過程製定納入標準和詳細的流行病學調查方案,納入至少—眼患年齡相關性白內障的患者,受檢者同時接受問捲調查,根據調查結果由專人計算白內障的患病率,分析該地區白內障髮病的相關因素,統計噹地白內障的手術覆蓋率.結果 實際調查3826人,應答率為90.36％.3826例受檢者中,白內障的患病率為31.39％.與白內障相關的危險因素為年齡(x2=101.005,P=0.000)、女性和文盲,其中女性和文盲的白內障患病率分彆為36.98％和33.56％(x2=58.853,P=0.000;x2=12.037,P=0.007),矇古族患病率(34.83％)明顯高于漢族(29.76％),差異有統計學意義(x2=9.734,P=0.001).該地區自1998年以後白內障的手術率逐年增高.在以較好眼日常生活視力＜0.1作為盲標準的情況下,白內障盲的總手術覆蓋率為20.60％,女性的手術覆蓋率低于男性,文盲低于非文盲,矇古族低于漢族,差異均有統計學意義(x2=1.993,P=0.038;x2=16.463,P=0.044;x2=8.523,P=0.029).白內障盲的總社會負擔率為6.09％.以雙眼小孔視力＜0.05作為盲的標準,白內障盲的總手術覆蓋率為28.36％.矇古族的白內障手術覆蓋率明顯低于漢族(24.53％vs.30.67％),差異有統計學意義(x2=12.951,P=0.000),白內障盲者的總社會負擔率為3.34％.無論是以＜0.1還是＜0.05作為盲標準,＞70歲、女性、文盲以及矇古族人群者中,白內障盲的社會負擔率均明顯增高,差異均有統計學意義(P＜0.05).結論 赤峰市剋什剋騰旂農牧區≥50歲人群的白內障緻盲率較高,白內障手術覆蓋率較低,提高農牧區白內障手術覆蓋率是噹務之急.
배경 백내장시중국주요적치맹성안병,재국내불동지구기환병솔유소차이. 목적 조사내몽고적봉시극십극등기농목구≥50세인군백내장적환병솔、백내장수술복개솔화수술전후적시력정황,위해지구제정방맹책략제공의거.방법 채용횡단면조사연구설계.응용정군수궤추양적방법추취극십극등기12개조사점≥50세상주거민진행병사채집、시력、안압급안부검사,근거예조사과정제정납입표준화상세적류행병학조사방안,납입지소—안환년령상관성백내장적환자,수검자동시접수문권조사,근거조사결과유전인계산백내장적환병솔,분석해지구백내장발병적상관인소,통계당지백내장적수술복개솔.결과 실제조사3826인,응답솔위90.36％.3826례수검자중,백내장적환병솔위31.39％.여백내장상관적위험인소위년령(x2=101.005,P=0.000)、녀성화문맹,기중녀성화문맹적백내장환병솔분별위36.98％화33.56％(x2=58.853,P=0.000;x2=12.037,P=0.007),몽고족환병솔(34.83％)명현고우한족(29.76％),차이유통계학의의(x2=9.734,P=0.001).해지구자1998년이후백내장적수술솔축년증고.재이교호안일상생활시력＜0.1작위맹표준적정황하,백내장맹적총수술복개솔위20.60％,녀성적수술복개솔저우남성,문맹저우비문맹,몽고족저우한족,차이균유통계학의의(x2=1.993,P=0.038;x2=16.463,P=0.044;x2=8.523,P=0.029).백내장맹적총사회부담솔위6.09％.이쌍안소공시력＜0.05작위맹적표준,백내장맹적총수술복개솔위28.36％.몽고족적백내장수술복개솔명현저우한족(24.53％vs.30.67％),차이유통계학의의(x2=12.951,P=0.000),백내장맹자적총사회부담솔위3.34％.무론시이＜0.1환시＜0.05작위맹표준,＞70세、녀성、문맹이급몽고족인군자중,백내장맹적사회부담솔균명현증고,차이균유통계학의의(P＜0.05).결론 적봉시극십극등기농목구≥50세인군적백내장치맹솔교고,백내장수술복개솔교저,제고농목구백내장수술복개솔시당무지급.
Background Cataract is a leading blinding eye disease,and the prevalence of cataract varies in different regions. Objective The present study was to investigate the incidence of cataract,surgical coverage rate of cataract and postoperative visual acuity,and to propose a strategy for blindness prevention in Chifeng Keshiketengqi. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of research.A random cluster sampling method was performed in 12 populated areas in Keshiketengqi.Inhabitants over 50 years in the region were included in this survey.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Inner Mongolia People' s Hospital.Informed consents were obtained orally from all the subjects.Disease history,visual acuity,intraocular pressure and regular ophthamological examinations were performed.The inclusion criteria of a pilot study and detailed protocol were employed to calculate the incidence rate of cataract.The questionnaire survey was simultaneously adopted to analyze the cataract-related factors.The surgical coverage rate of cataract in this area was calculated. Results In a total 4234 inhabitants,3826 subjects participated in the survey with a response rate of 90.36％.Cataract was found in 1200 participants with an incidence rate of 31.39％.Age,the female gender and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for cataract (x2 =101.005,P =0.000 ;x2 =58.853,P =0.000 ;x2 =12.037,P =0.007 ).The prevalence rates of cataract were 36.98％ and 33.56％ for illiterates and women,respectively.The incidence rate in the Mongol population was significantly higher than that of the Han population ( 34.83％ vs.29.76％ ) (x2 =9.734,P =0.001 ).The cataract surgery rate increased yearly since 1998.When the vision acuity of the fellow eye was ＜0.1,the surgery coverage rate was 20.60％,but the rates were lower in female,illiterates and the Mongol population (x2 =1.993,P =0.038 ;x2 =16.463,P =0.044 ;x2 =8.523,P =0.029).When a pinhole visual acuity of ＜0.05 was determined as the criteria of blindness,the surgical coverage rate was 28.36％.The cataract surgical coverage rates for Han and Mongolian were 30.67％ and 24.53％,respectively,with a significant difference between them (x2 =12.951,P=0.000).The social burden rate was 3.34％ in this area,with a majority of females,illiterates and the Mongol population ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions In agricultural and pastoral areas of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,the ≥50 years old population has a high rate of cataract blindness and low surgery coverage rate.Surgery is still the preferred way for cataract treatment.
