植物生态学报
植物生態學報
식물생태학보
ACTA PHYTOECOLOGICA SINICA
2004年
5期
585-593
,共9页
许再富%朱华%王应祥%杨岚%刘宏茂%杨大荣%杨大同%李朝达%陈志平%文贤继%王洪%马友鑫
許再富%硃華%王應祥%楊嵐%劉宏茂%楊大榮%楊大同%李朝達%陳誌平%文賢繼%王洪%馬友鑫
허재부%주화%왕응상%양람%류굉무%양대영%양대동%리조체%진지평%문현계%왕홍%마우흠
片断热带雨林%物种多样性动态%澜沧江下游/湄公河上游
片斷熱帶雨林%物種多樣性動態%瀾滄江下遊/湄公河上遊
편단열대우림%물충다양성동태%란창강하유/미공하상유
Rainforest fragments%Species diversity dynamics%Lower-Lancang/Upper-Mekong river basin
在澜沧江下游/湄公河上游的滇南西双版纳地区,通过样方法比较了热带雨林的连片与3个小片断的物种多样性变化趋势.与连续森林比较,片断热带雨林的植物物种丰富度和物种多样性指数都比较低,而且有相当低比例的大高位芽、中高位芽和附生等生活型植物,而藤本、小高位芽和矮高位芽等生活型植物的比例则较高;泛热带、热带亚洲至热带非洲的区系成分比例较高,而当地成分则减少;群落的上层树木比下层树木更加稳定.同样,动物的物种多样性指数和均衡度在片断热带雨林中都较低,与其密切相关的是片断热带雨林的环境质量,而不是片断的大小.此外,也探讨了片断热带雨林物种变化与森林小气候的关系,阐明了由凉湿向干暖转化的"林内效应"是其物种变化的重要原因之一.
在瀾滄江下遊/湄公河上遊的滇南西雙版納地區,通過樣方法比較瞭熱帶雨林的連片與3箇小片斷的物種多樣性變化趨勢.與連續森林比較,片斷熱帶雨林的植物物種豐富度和物種多樣性指數都比較低,而且有相噹低比例的大高位芽、中高位芽和附生等生活型植物,而籐本、小高位芽和矮高位芽等生活型植物的比例則較高;汎熱帶、熱帶亞洲至熱帶非洲的區繫成分比例較高,而噹地成分則減少;群落的上層樹木比下層樹木更加穩定.同樣,動物的物種多樣性指數和均衡度在片斷熱帶雨林中都較低,與其密切相關的是片斷熱帶雨林的環境質量,而不是片斷的大小.此外,也探討瞭片斷熱帶雨林物種變化與森林小氣候的關繫,闡明瞭由涼濕嚮榦暖轉化的"林內效應"是其物種變化的重要原因之一.
재란창강하유/미공하상유적전남서쌍판납지구,통과양방법비교료열대우림적련편여3개소편단적물충다양성변화추세.여련속삼림비교,편단열대우림적식물물충봉부도화물충다양성지수도비교저,이차유상당저비례적대고위아、중고위아화부생등생활형식물,이등본、소고위아화왜고위아등생활형식물적비례칙교고;범열대、열대아주지열대비주적구계성분비례교고,이당지성분칙감소;군락적상층수목비하층수목경가은정.동양,동물적물충다양성지수화균형도재편단열대우림중도교저,여기밀절상관적시편단열대우림적배경질량,이불시편단적대소.차외,야탐토료편단열대우림물충변화여삼림소기후적관계,천명료유량습향간난전화적"림내효응"시기물충변화적중요원인지일.
Three fragments of tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, southern Yunnan and within the Lower-Lancang/Upper-Mekong River basin, were sampled to investigate species diversity patterns based on comparisons with a contiguous tropical rainforest. Compared with the contiguous forest, the fragments were lower in plant abundance, species diversity indicies, a lower percentage of mega-phaenerophytes, meso-phaenerophytes, chamaephytes and epiphytes, but had a higher percentage of liana, micro-phaenerophytes and mini-phaenerophytes. The floristic composition was also different in the fragments with a greater percentage of pan-tropical and tropical Asia to tropical Africa elements increased, whereas the percentage of regional or local elements decreased. Meanwhile, tree species in the upper canopy layer were more stable than that in the lower layers of the fragmented forest. The animal species diversity and evenness were higher in the contiguous forest than in the fragmented forests, which apparently were due to better habitat size and quality. The relationship between changes in the microclimate of the forest fragments and species changes were also considered. The interior forest of the fragmented forests transformed from a wet-cool to dry-warm microclimate, called the internal effect, and was found to be an important mechanisms accounted for observed species changes.
