CAJ | 학술논문

利用1980-2007年数据,通过计算基尼系数、省区区位商研究劳动密集型产业的地理集中程度和专业化水平的变化趋势,探讨改革开放以来我国劳动密集型产业地理格局的变化.研究发现,20世纪80年代以来我国劳动密集型产业的地理集中呈持续上升的趋势,随着经济全球化进程的进一步扩展,劳动密集型产业的地理集中程度显著加速.市场、政策和全球化的力量强化了沿海地区的区位优势,导致劳动密集型产业在该地区进一步集中;随着全球化的深入,外商投资和出口逐渐呈现北移的趋势;在东部劳动力成本提高的压力下,劳动密集型产业呈现向邻近交通便利的中部地区转移的趋势.基于2000年和2005年地级市数据,采用Tobit模型,验证了劳动力要素的差异、集聚经济及政策制度等要素对我国劳动密集型产业布局和集中程度的影响.
이용1980-2007년수거,통과계산기니계수、성구구위상연구노동밀집형산업적지리집중정도화전업화수평적변화추세,탐토개혁개방이래아국노동밀집형산업지리격국적변화.연구발현,20세기80년대이래아국노동밀집형산업적지리집중정지속상승적추세,수착경제전구화진정적진일보확전,노동밀집형산업적지리집중정도현저가속.시장、정책화전구화적역량강화료연해지구적구위우세,도치노동밀집형산업재해지구진일보집중;수착전구화적심입,외상투자화출구축점정현북이적추세;재동부노동력성본제고적압력하,노동밀집형산업정현향린근교통편리적중부지구전이적추세.기우2000년화2005년지급시수거,채용Tobit모형,험증료노동력요소적차이、집취경제급정책제도등요소대아국노동밀집형산업포국화집중정도적영향.
Chinese industries have been undergoing considerable spatial restructuring since the economic reform.Labor-intensive industries have apparently seen significant locational shifts during the last decades.Using data on labor intensive industries in Chinese provinces during the period of 1980 to 2007,the temporal changes of geographical concentration and regional specialization of labor-intensive industries in China is analyzed using the Gini coefficient and the location quotient in this paper.Clearly,labor-intensive industries have been increasingly agglomerated,particularly in the coastal region since the 1980s.The triple process of marketization,globallizatoin and decentralizatoin have granted the coastal region substantial institutional and locational advantages.With the signficant presence of foreign direct investment and the heavy dependence on exports,labor intensive industries are motivated to take advantage of the favorable institutions and locations in the coastal area.Meanwhile,due to the rising costs in labor,energy,land and other inputs,labor intensive industries have started to relocate to the interior region in China.Furthermore,using data collected from the annual industrial census in 2000 and 2005 at the prefecture city level,this study investigates the determinants driving for the locations of selected labor intensive industries,including textiles,garments and leather and fur products.Because a number of cities do not host the selected industries,the Tobit model is applied to differentiate the zero and non-zero observations in the estimations.The statistical results found the significance of labor force structures in their skills and education achievement.Labor intensive industries tend to co-agglomerate with their upper or downstream industries to mitigate transaction costs,indicating that business linkages drive their locational distributions.The favorable policies granted to certain cities and development zones are apparently attractive to labor intensive industries.Overall,it is found that labor intensive industries respond to labor characteristics,favorable policies and business linkages when choosing locations.Those factors also stimulated the locational shifts of labor intensive industries in China in last decades.