CAJ | 학술논문

自从Osmond在1885年首次提出β-Fe以为，直到1922年Westgren和Phragmén用高温X射线衍射证明β-Fe与α-Fe有相同的体心立方结构为止，在很长时间内，冶金学家一直为钢为什么在淬火后变硬而争论不休。同素异构派(Allotropist)认为是α-Fe→β-Fe相变的结果，而碳派(Carbonist)认为是C的作用，各执一词。尽管β-Fe的存在被否定了，同素异构相变(γ-Fe→α′-Fe)还是存在的，它与四方畸变的α′-Fe中固溶C都是钢在淬火后变硬的必要条件。这场长达四十年的激烈争论不但阐明了钢的淬火原理，对钢的结构与性能的深入了解也是有益的。
자종Osmond재1885년수차제출β-Fe이위，직도1922년Westgren화Phragmén용고온X사선연사증명β-Fe여α-Fe유상동적체심립방결구위지，재흔장시간내，야금학가일직위강위십요재쉬화후변경이쟁론불휴。동소이구파(Allotropist)인위시α-Fe→β-Fe상변적결과，이탄파(Carbonist)인위시C적작용，각집일사。진관β-Fe적존재피부정료，동소이구상변(γ-Fe→α′-Fe)환시존재적，타여사방기변적α′-Fe중고용C도시강재쉬화후변경적필요조건。저장장체사십년적격렬쟁론불단천명료강적쉬화원리，대강적결구여성능적심입료해야시유익적。
Ever since the first proposal of the presence of β-Fe in 1885 by Osmond, a great debate on the cause of quench hardening of steels was going on until 1922 when Westgren and Phragmén disproved the presence of β-Fe by high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. The Allotropists like Osmond, Roberts-Austen, Sauveur, etc., claimed that the α-Fe→β-Fe allotropy was responsible for quench hardening, while the Carbonists like Arnold, Hadfield, Ledebur, etc., advocated that carbon in steel was the main cause. Though β-Fe was finally discarded, the allotropic transformation γ→α'(a tetragonally distorted α-Fe, namely martensite) as well as carbon (needed to cause the tetragonal distortion of α-Fe) were found to be the cause of quench hardening. Such a long, fierce debate not only clarified the mechanism of quenching hardening, but also improved our knowledge of the structure and properties of steels.