植物生态学报
植物生態學報
식물생태학보
ACTA PHYTOECOLOGICA SINICA
2010年
4期
359-367
,共9页
滨海湿地%生态系统%景观破碎化%辽河三角洲%植被图%植被结构
濱海濕地%生態繫統%景觀破碎化%遼河三角洲%植被圖%植被結構
빈해습지%생태계통%경관파쇄화%료하삼각주%식피도%식피결구
coastal wetland%ecosystem%landscape fragmentation%Liaohe Delta%vegetation map%vegetation structure
在人类干扰和气候波动的影响下,辽河三角洲的植被结构发生了显著变化.该文研究了辽河三角洲植被结构的变化,对于保护该地区生态系统、促使其健康发展具有重要意义.研究区域包括了整个辽河三角洲.资料来源主要是1988年和2006年的TM(Landsat Thematic Mapper)遥感图像.采用数字化、制作植被图和叠加分析等方法研究探讨了辽河三角洲植被结构的特点.以及植被的空间分布转移和面积变化.结果显示,以双台子河口为中心,4大植被类型(自然湿地植被、人工湿地植被、人工旱地植被和自然旱地植被)大体上构成半环状分布格局.从整体上看,从1988年至2006年,植被结构仍然保持半环状的空间格局.但是,主要植被类型的空间分布趋于集中,形成了比较大的斑块,而不是离散、破碎的.从植被类型间相互转化的情况看,几乎所有植被类型的空间分布和面积都有明显改变.在绝对面积上,水稻(Oryza saliva)田、玉米(Zea mays)地和滨海芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地是辽河三角洲3个面积最大的植被类型.水稻田是面积增加最多的植被类型,增加977.1 km~2;而玉米地是面积减少最多的植被类型,减少622.2 km~2.在面积变化幅度上,水稻田、玉米地和滨海芦苇湿地的变化幅度分别为33.2%、-16.1%、-23.2%.面积减少幅度最大的植被类型是草地,-77.9%;面积增加幅度最大的植被类型是翅碱蓬(Suaedaheteroptera)盐化草甸,212.1%.
在人類榦擾和氣候波動的影響下,遼河三角洲的植被結構髮生瞭顯著變化.該文研究瞭遼河三角洲植被結構的變化,對于保護該地區生態繫統、促使其健康髮展具有重要意義.研究區域包括瞭整箇遼河三角洲.資料來源主要是1988年和2006年的TM(Landsat Thematic Mapper)遙感圖像.採用數字化、製作植被圖和疊加分析等方法研究探討瞭遼河三角洲植被結構的特點.以及植被的空間分佈轉移和麵積變化.結果顯示,以雙檯子河口為中心,4大植被類型(自然濕地植被、人工濕地植被、人工旱地植被和自然旱地植被)大體上構成半環狀分佈格跼.從整體上看,從1988年至2006年,植被結構仍然保持半環狀的空間格跼.但是,主要植被類型的空間分佈趨于集中,形成瞭比較大的斑塊,而不是離散、破碎的.從植被類型間相互轉化的情況看,幾乎所有植被類型的空間分佈和麵積都有明顯改變.在絕對麵積上,水稻(Oryza saliva)田、玉米(Zea mays)地和濱海蘆葦(Phragmites australis)濕地是遼河三角洲3箇麵積最大的植被類型.水稻田是麵積增加最多的植被類型,增加977.1 km~2;而玉米地是麵積減少最多的植被類型,減少622.2 km~2.在麵積變化幅度上,水稻田、玉米地和濱海蘆葦濕地的變化幅度分彆為33.2%、-16.1%、-23.2%.麵積減少幅度最大的植被類型是草地,-77.9%;麵積增加幅度最大的植被類型是翅堿蓬(Suaedaheteroptera)鹽化草甸,212.1%.
재인류간우화기후파동적영향하,료하삼각주적식피결구발생료현저변화.해문연구료료하삼각주식피결구적변화,대우보호해지구생태계통、촉사기건강발전구유중요의의.연구구역포괄료정개료하삼각주.자료래원주요시1988년화2006년적TM(Landsat Thematic Mapper)요감도상.채용수자화、제작식피도화첩가분석등방법연구탐토료료하삼각주식피결구적특점.이급식피적공간분포전이화면적변화.결과현시,이쌍태자하구위중심,4대식피류형(자연습지식피、인공습지식피、인공한지식피화자연한지식피)대체상구성반배상분포격국.종정체상간,종1988년지2006년,식피결구잉연보지반배상적공간격국.단시,주요식피류형적공간분포추우집중,형성료비교대적반괴,이불시리산、파쇄적.종식피류형간상호전화적정황간,궤호소유식피류형적공간분포화면적도유명현개변.재절대면적상,수도(Oryza saliva)전、옥미(Zea mays)지화빈해호위(Phragmites australis)습지시료하삼각주3개면적최대적식피류형.수도전시면적증가최다적식피류형,증가977.1 km~2;이옥미지시면적감소최다적식피류형,감소622.2 km~2.재면적변화폭도상,수도전、옥미지화빈해호위습지적변화폭도분별위33.2%、-16.1%、-23.2%.면적감소폭도최대적식피류형시초지,-77.9%;면적증가폭도최대적식피류형시시감봉(Suaedaheteroptera)염화초전,212.1%.
Aims An obvious transformation of vegetation structure in the Liaohe Delta has resulted from climatic fluctuation and human disturbance. We focus on the transformation of vegetation structure with the objective of contributing to management for maintaining a healthy ecosystem.Methods The study area included the entire Liaohe Delta, and data sources came from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery in 1988 and 2006. The methods of digitizing, mapping vegetation and overlay analysis were used to explore structural characteristics, changed distributions and transformed areas of vegetation. Important findings The vegetation pattern consisted of a semi-ring of four main vegetation types (natural wetland, constructed wetland, constructed dryland and natural dryland vegetation) encircling the estuary of Shuang-taizi River. In terms of this macrostructure, the vegetation pattern did not change greatly, and the main vegetation types tended to aggregate rather than fragment as relatively large vegetation landscapes came into being from 1988 to 2006. However, almost all vegetation types changed in spatial distribution and area. In terms of vegetation area, the main vegetation types were rice (Oryza sativa) land, maize (Zea mays) land and coastal wetland reed. Rice land vegetation had the largest increase in area (977.1 km~2), while maize land vegetation had the largest decrease (622.2 km~2). The transforming percentages among vegetation types were 33.2%, -16.1% and -23.2% for rice land, maize land and coastal wetland reed, respectively. The meadow had the maximal decrease (-77.9%), while the community of salt meadow seepweed (Suaeda hetroptera) had the maximal increase (212.1%).
