CAJ | 학술논문

对南粳稻品系六千辛转育成的4种细胞质的一套同核异质不育系的不育性、开花习性、异交特性及可恢复性进行了鉴定.结果表明:(1)包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(cL)型六千辛A花粉以染败为主,WA型六千辛A花粉100%典败;BT型六千辛A平均自交结实率为0.60%,生产应用的安全性较差;HL型、CL型六千辛A无自交结实现象,不育性较BT型六千辛A稳定.(2)不育系的花粉败育程度影响倒一节间长度,花粉败育越彻底,倒一节间越短,从而使穗伸出度和株高相应缩短;因此,WA型六千辛A表现包颈,而BT型、HL型、CL型六千辛A均无包颈.(3)WA型六千辛A开花不集中,花时明显滞后,花期明显拉长,异交结实率低;HL型、CL型六千辛A的开花习性及异交结实率与BT型六千辛A无显著差异,明显好于WA型六千辛A.(4)BT型六千辛A的可恢复性最好,HL型、CL型六千辛A次之,WA型六千辛A最难恢复;从BT型粳稻恢复系中可以筛选到HL型或CL型粳稻不育系的恢复系.HL型、CL型粳稻不育系较好地协调了育性稳定性、开花习性和可恢复性几方面的矛盾.因此,选育HL型、CL型粳稻不育系及其相应的恢复系,可能是解决目前生产上杂交粳稻BT型不育系育性不够稳定及细胞质单一问题的突破口.
대남갱도품계륙천신전육성적4충세포질적일투동핵이질불육계적불육성、개화습성、이교특성급가회복성진행료감정.결과표명:(1)포태(BT)형、홍련(HL)형、다야(cL)형륙천신A화분이염패위주,WA형륙천신A화분100%전패;BT형륙천신A평균자교결실솔위0.60%,생산응용적안전성교차;HL형、CL형륙천신A무자교결실현상,불육성교BT형륙천신A은정.(2)불육계적화분패육정도영향도일절간장도,화분패육월철저,도일절간월단,종이사수신출도화주고상응축단;인차,WA형륙천신A표현포경,이BT형、HL형、CL형륙천신A균무포경.(3)WA형륙천신A개화불집중,화시명현체후,화기명현랍장,이교결실솔저;HL형、CL형륙천신A적개화습성급이교결실솔여BT형륙천신A무현저차이,명현호우WA형륙천신A.(4)BT형륙천신A적가회복성최호,HL형、CL형륙천신A차지,WA형륙천신A최난회복;종BT형갱도회복계중가이사선도HL형혹CL형갱도불육계적회복계.HL형、CL형갱도불육계교호지협조료육성은정성、개화습성화가회복성궤방면적모순.인차,선육HL형、CL형갱도불육계급기상응적회복계,가능시해결목전생산상잡교갱도BT형불육계육성불구은정급세포질단일문제적돌파구.
A set of isonuclear alloplasmic japonica CMS lines Liuqianxin A, constructed with four different cytoplasm sources from Hainan Male Sterile Wild Rice (WA type), Hainan Red Awned Wild Rice (HL type), Hunan Chaling Wild Rice (CL type), and India Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ (BT type), respectively, together with their maintainer line Liuqianxin B, were applied to study their male sterile stability, flowering habits, outcrossing rate, and restorable ability. The results showed: (1) Most pollen granules of BT, HL and CL Liuqianxin A were mainly stained-abortion, while those of WA Liuqianxin A were mainly typical-abortion. Selfed seed-setting rate of BT Liuqianxin A was 0.60%, which would cause application risk in agricultural production. There were no selfed seeds in HL and CL Liuqianxin A, indicating that sterility of them was better than that of BT type. (2) The length of 1st internode to the top was affected by the degree of abortive pollen, which influenced the plant height and the panicle exsertion (i.e. the length of panicle-neck above the sheath of flag leaf). Namely the more serious abortive degree, the shorter panicle exsertion. Therefore, panicle was enclosed within the sheath of the flag leaf in WA Liuqianxin A, not in BT, HL, and CL Liuqianxin A. (3) The flowering habits of WA Liuqianxin A presented as sporadic flowering, distinctly lagged flowering time and stretched flowering duration, and were the worst in the four type CMS lines, thus its outcrossing rate was lower. Flowering habits and outcrossing rate between HL, CL CMS lines and BT CMS lines were not significantly different. However it was better in HL, CL CMS lines than in WA CMS lines. (4) BT Liuqianxin A showed the best restorable characteristic, HL was a little worse than BT, WA was the worst. And japonica restorers for HL or CL CMS lines could be selected from the japonica restorers for BT CMS lines. HL, CL CMS lines balanced above contradictions well, so an idea of substituting HL, CL CMS lines partly for BT type was put forward, it can be used to solve the problems of single type sterile cytoplasm in current Japonica hybrid rice and fertility not stable in BT CMS lines.