CAJ | 학술논문

测定了13个黄牛品种125个个体的线粒体D-loop区段的全序列,包括12个中国地方黄牛品种的123个个体和德国黄牛2个个体,并进行了分析.结果显示,共检测到93个变异位点,57个单倍型,平均核苷酸差异(average number of nucleotide differences,κ)为22.708,核苷酸多样度(nucleotide diversity,π)为0.0251±0.00479,单倍型多样度(haplotype diversiyt,Hd)为0.888±0.026,表明我国黄牛品种遗传多样性非常丰富.构建的Neighbor-Joining进化树显示这13个品种主要分成两大类型:普通牛和瘤牛;新发现的特殊类型Ⅲ只有一个西藏阿沛甲咂牛的个体,它与牦牛D-loop序列最相近,证明西藏地区的黄牛与牦牛之间存在基因渗入现象.普通牛和瘤牛在日喀则驼峰牛中占的比例分别是64.3%和35.7%,在阿沛甲咂牛中占的比例分别是50.0%和50.0%,证明了西藏的黄牛也有瘤牛类型.云南牛品种的单倍型非常丰富证明了云南在中国黄牛起源上的重要地位;在27个中国黄牛品种中(本研究11个品种以及GenBank上的16个品种)找到了中国瘤牛的核心单倍型i1,并且对它进行了讨论.同时证明了西藏瘤牛独立于中国瘤牛核心类群的特殊性.
측정료13개황우품충125개개체적선립체D-loop구단적전서렬,포괄12개중국지방황우품충적123개개체화덕국황우2개개체,병진행료분석.결과현시,공검측도93개변이위점,57개단배형,평균핵감산차이(average number of nucleotide differences,κ)위22.708,핵감산다양도(nucleotide diversity,π)위0.0251±0.00479,단배형다양도(haplotype diversiyt,Hd)위0.888±0.026,표명아국황우품충유전다양성비상봉부.구건적Neighbor-Joining진화수현시저13개품충주요분성량대류형:보통우화류우;신발현적특수류형Ⅲ지유일개서장아패갑잡우적개체,타여모우D-loop서렬최상근,증명서장지구적황우여모우지간존재기인삼입현상.보통우화류우재일객칙타봉우중점적비례분별시64.3%화35.7%,재아패갑잡우중점적비례분별시50.0%화50.0%,증명료서장적황우야유류우류형.운남우품충적단배형비상봉부증명료운남재중국황우기원상적중요지위;재27개중국황우품충중(본연구11개품충이급GenBank상적16개품충)조도료중국류우적핵심단배형i1,병차대타진행료토론.동시증명료서장류우독립우중국류우핵심류군적특수성.
The complete mitochondrial D-loop region from 123 individuals in 12 Chinese cattle breeds and two individuals in Germany Yellow cattle breed was sequenced and analyzed. The results were shown as follows: 93 variations and 57 haplotypes were detected, and the average number of nucleotide difference was 22.708, nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.0251 ± 0.00479, and haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.888 ± 0.026, indicating very high genetic diversity in Chinese cattle breeds. In the Neighbor-Joining tree,13 cattle breeds were divided into two main clades, Bos taurus and Bos indicus; new Clade Ⅲ had only one sequence from Apeijiaza cattle breed in Tibet, which was similar to that of yak at a higher level than other cattle breeds, proving the introgression of breed, and 50.0% and 50.0% respectively in Apeijiaza cattle breed, which revealed that Tibet cattle included Bos indicus haplotypes. The importance of Yunnan cattle in the origin of Chinese cattle was also confirmed based on their abundant haplotypes. Then,a very special haplotype il discovered in 27 Chinese cattle breeds, including 11 breeds in this study and 16 breeds in the GenBank,played the role of a nucleus in Chinese zebu and was further discussed. At the same time, the construction of Chinese zebu core group based on haplotype il validated the distinct origin of Bos indicus in Tibet, which was different from that of the other cattle breeds with zebu haplotypes in China.