中国临床康复
中國臨床康複
중국림상강복
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL REHABILITATION
2006年
2期
166-168
,共3页
心理学%精神卫生%人格%学生
心理學%精神衛生%人格%學生
심이학%정신위생%인격%학생
背景:有关大学生心理问题的研究普遍认为大学生心理健康状况令人堪忧.目的:调查河南省高校大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系,分析其对有效开展心理健康教育的可行价值.设计:抽样调查.单位:河南职工医学院卫生管理系.对象:于2001-04/06在河南省内3所普通高校的农科、医学、理工、文科、艺术、体育等6类专业随机抽取被试1 128人进行测查.方法:采用艾森克人格问卷(包括4个人格维度:内外向维度、神经质或情绪性维度、精神质维度和掩饰性维度)以及症状自评量表(包括90个条目,反映9个因子)对河南省高校1 128名大学生进行集体测试.主要观察指标:①大学生人格特征与全国常模的比较.②大学生人格特征分类比较.③大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系.结果:剔除不完整答卷,回收回答规范问卷1 100份.①大学生人格特征与全国常模的比较:男大学生人格情绪性和掩饰性维度评分显著高于全国常模(5.47±3.13,4.53±3.11;4.99±2.47,4.50±2.59,P＜0.001);女大学生人格情绪性、精神质以及掩饰性维度分值均显著高于全国常模(2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P＜0.05～0.001).②大学生人格特征分类比较:6类不同专业学生在人格4个维度上均表现出显著性差异(P＜0.05～0.001).农科学生的精神质维度分值最高(3.44±1.97),体育类学生内外向维度分值最高(8.27±2.45),而情绪性维度分值以文科学生为高(5.99±3.24).男女学生之间艾森克人格问卷评分结果的比较分析发现,除掩饰性维度前者明显低于后者外(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P＜0.05),其余各维度差异不大;城乡学生之间,农村学生内外向维度分显著低于城市学生(7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P＜0.05);低年级(一、二年级)学生与高年级(三、四年级)学生相比,仅掩饰性维度分前者显著高于后者(5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P＜0.01);此外,学生干部的内外向维度分显著高于非学生干部(8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P＜0.001).③大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系:大学生人格内外向维度和掩饰性维度与症状自评量表各因子呈显著负相关(P＜0.01～0.001),而情绪性维度与症状自评量表各因子呈显著正相关(P＜0.001),精神质维度与躯体化、敌对、恐怖以及偏执4个因子呈显著正相关(P＜0.05～0.01).结论:大学生人格特征与其心理健康有着极为密切的内在联系.大学生人格的内倾性、情绪不稳定性和精神质特征对其心理健康状况有着不良影响.不同专业、性别、年级和城乡学生及学生干部与非干部之间,其人格特征存在一定差异.
揹景:有關大學生心理問題的研究普遍認為大學生心理健康狀況令人堪憂.目的:調查河南省高校大學生人格特徵與心理健康的關繫,分析其對有效開展心理健康教育的可行價值.設計:抽樣調查.單位:河南職工醫學院衛生管理繫.對象:于2001-04/06在河南省內3所普通高校的農科、醫學、理工、文科、藝術、體育等6類專業隨機抽取被試1 128人進行測查.方法:採用艾森剋人格問捲(包括4箇人格維度:內外嚮維度、神經質或情緒性維度、精神質維度和掩飾性維度)以及癥狀自評量錶(包括90箇條目,反映9箇因子)對河南省高校1 128名大學生進行集體測試.主要觀察指標:①大學生人格特徵與全國常模的比較.②大學生人格特徵分類比較.③大學生人格特徵與心理健康的關繫.結果:剔除不完整答捲,迴收迴答規範問捲1 100份.①大學生人格特徵與全國常模的比較:男大學生人格情緒性和掩飾性維度評分顯著高于全國常模(5.47±3.13,4.53±3.11;4.99±2.47,4.50±2.59,P＜0.001);女大學生人格情緒性、精神質以及掩飾性維度分值均顯著高于全國常模(2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P＜0.05～0.001).②大學生人格特徵分類比較:6類不同專業學生在人格4箇維度上均錶現齣顯著性差異(P＜0.05～0.001).農科學生的精神質維度分值最高(3.44±1.97),體育類學生內外嚮維度分值最高(8.27±2.45),而情緒性維度分值以文科學生為高(5.99±3.24).男女學生之間艾森剋人格問捲評分結果的比較分析髮現,除掩飾性維度前者明顯低于後者外(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P＜0.05),其餘各維度差異不大;城鄉學生之間,農村學生內外嚮維度分顯著低于城市學生(7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P＜0.05);低年級(一、二年級)學生與高年級(三、四年級)學生相比,僅掩飾性維度分前者顯著高于後者(5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P＜0.01);此外,學生榦部的內外嚮維度分顯著高于非學生榦部(8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P＜0.001).③大學生人格特徵與心理健康的關繫:大學生人格內外嚮維度和掩飾性維度與癥狀自評量錶各因子呈顯著負相關(P＜0.01～0.001),而情緒性維度與癥狀自評量錶各因子呈顯著正相關(P＜0.001),精神質維度與軀體化、敵對、恐怖以及偏執4箇因子呈顯著正相關(P＜0.05～0.01).結論:大學生人格特徵與其心理健康有著極為密切的內在聯繫.大學生人格的內傾性、情緒不穩定性和精神質特徵對其心理健康狀況有著不良影響.不同專業、性彆、年級和城鄉學生及學生榦部與非榦部之間,其人格特徵存在一定差異.
배경:유관대학생심리문제적연구보편인위대학생심리건강상황령인감우.목적:조사하남성고교대학생인격특정여심리건강적관계,분석기대유효개전심리건강교육적가행개치.설계:추양조사.단위:하남직공의학원위생관리계.대상:우2001-04/06재하남성내3소보통고교적농과、의학、리공、문과、예술、체육등6류전업수궤추취피시1 128인진행측사.방법:채용애삼극인격문권(포괄4개인격유도:내외향유도、신경질혹정서성유도、정신질유도화엄식성유도)이급증상자평량표(포괄90개조목,반영9개인자)대하남성고교1 128명대학생진행집체측시.주요관찰지표:①대학생인격특정여전국상모적비교.②대학생인격특정분류비교.③대학생인격특정여심리건강적관계.결과:척제불완정답권,회수회답규범문권1 100빈.①대학생인격특정여전국상모적비교:남대학생인격정서성화엄식성유도평분현저고우전국상모(5.47±3.13,4.53±3.11;4.99±2.47,4.50±2.59,P＜0.001);녀대학생인격정서성、정신질이급엄식성유도분치균현저고우전국상모(2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P＜0.05～0.001).②대학생인격특정분류비교:6류불동전업학생재인격4개유도상균표현출현저성차이(P＜0.05～0.001).농과학생적정신질유도분치최고(3.44±1.97),체육류학생내외향유도분치최고(8.27±2.45),이정서성유도분치이문과학생위고(5.99±3.24).남녀학생지간애삼극인격문권평분결과적비교분석발현,제엄식성유도전자명현저우후자외(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P＜0.05),기여각유도차이불대;성향학생지간,농촌학생내외향유도분현저저우성시학생(7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P＜0.05);저년급(일、이년급)학생여고년급(삼、사년급)학생상비,부엄식성유도분전자현저고우후자(5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P＜0.01);차외,학생간부적내외향유도분현저고우비학생간부(8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P＜0.001).③대학생인격특정여심리건강적관계:대학생인격내외향유도화엄식성유도여증상자평량표각인자정현저부상관(P＜0.01～0.001),이정서성유도여증상자평량표각인자정현저정상관(P＜0.001),정신질유도여구체화、활대、공포이급편집4개인자정현저정상관(P＜0.05～0.01).결론:대학생인격특정여기심리건강유착겁위밀절적내재련계.대학생인격적내경성、정서불은정성화정신질특정대기심리건강상황유착불량영향.불동전업、성별、년급화성향학생급학생간부여비간부지간,기인격특정존재일정차이.
BACKGROUND: The psychological researches on undergraduates popularly believe that status of mental health of undergraduates can be worried.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between personality and mental health of undergraduates in Henan province, and analyze the feasible value of developing mental health education effectively.DESIGN: Sampling investigation.SETTING: Department of Health Administration, Henan Medical College for Staff and WorkersPARTICIPANTS: 1 128 students from 3 university and colleges in Henan province, whose majors were agriculture, medical science, sciences,literal arts, arts and physical education, etc., were enrolled randomly in this study between April and June 2001.METHODS: Group test was performed in 1 128 students from higher learning schools of Henan province test with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) [including 4 dimensions: Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N),Psychoticism (P), and Social Desirability (L)] and Symptom Checklist90(SCL-90) (90 items, 9 dimensions).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of personality characteristics between undergraduates and national norms. ② Classified comparison of personality characteristics of undergraduates. ③ Relationship between personality characteristics and mental health of undergraduates.RESULTS: Incomplete questionnaires were excluded, and 1 100 qualified questionnaires were collected. ① Comparison of personality between undergraduates and national norms: Scores on N and L of EPQ in male undergraduates were higher significantly than those of the national norms (5.47 ±3.13,4.53 ±3.11 ;4.99 ±2.47,4.50 ±2.59,P ＜ 0.001 ).Scores on N, P and L of EPQ in female undergraduates were all higher remarkably than those of the national norms (2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P ＜ 0.05-0.001). ②Classified comparison of personality in undergraduates: There were obvious differences on the 4 dimensions of EPQ in students of 6 different specialties (P ＜ 0.05-0.001 ). Scores on P in agricultural students were the highest (3.44±1.97); Scores on E in students of physical education were the highest (8.27±2.45), while scores on N in literate arts students were highest (5.99±3.24). Male students'scores on L were lower markedly than female students'(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P ＜ 0.05).Scores on E in students from cities were lower significantly than those in students from countrysides (7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P ＜ 0.05). Between lower grade (freshman year and sophomore year) and higher grade (junior year and senior year), only scores on L in the former were high er significantly than those in the latter (5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover, scores on E in student cadres were higher apparently thanthose in non-student cadres (8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P ＜ 0.001). ③Relationship of personality and mental health in undergraduates: E and L of personality dimension in undergraduates had obviously negative correlation with every factor of SCL-90 (P ＜ 0.01-0.001 )while N had significant positive correlation with every factor of SCL90 (P ＜ 0.001),and P had significant positive correlation with somatization, hostility,phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Personality of undergraduates have extremely close internal correlation with their mental health. Introversion, emotional instability and psychoticism of personality of undergraduates have side effects on their psychological health. There are some differences of personality characteristics in different specialty, sex, grade, native place (city or countryside),cadre or non-cadre students.
