中国煤炭地质
中國煤炭地質
중국매탄지질
COAL GEOLOGY OF CHINA
2013年
6期
51-53,61
,共4页
煤矿开采%地质灾害%致灾模式%贵州省
煤礦開採%地質災害%緻災模式%貴州省
매광개채%지질재해%치재모식%귀주성
coal mining%geological hazard%disaster mode%Guizhou Province
贵州省地处扬子准地台与华南褶皱带的结合部，煤炭资源主要分布在六盘水煤田、织纳煤田和黔北煤田三大煤田。通过调查煤矿开采引发的地质灾害及环境问题，发现煤矿开采引发的地质灾害主要有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降、矿坑突水等，总结出煤矿开采引发的地质灾害特征为：分布范围广、区域性强；突发性强、危害性大；具有同步叠加性；灾害发生具有明显的季节性；地质灾害活动的频次逐年增高。主要致灾模式有三种，即采空区垮塌＋滑坡（或崩塌）＋岩漠化、矿坑疏干排水＋地裂缝＋崩塌（或滑坡）＋岩漠化、煤矸石及尾矿堆存占地＋暴雨山洪＋滑坡（或泥石流）＋土地损毁。
貴州省地處颺子準地檯與華南褶皺帶的結閤部，煤炭資源主要分佈在六盤水煤田、織納煤田和黔北煤田三大煤田。通過調查煤礦開採引髮的地質災害及環境問題，髮現煤礦開採引髮的地質災害主要有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地麵塌陷、地裂縫、地麵沉降、礦坑突水等，總結齣煤礦開採引髮的地質災害特徵為：分佈範圍廣、區域性彊；突髮性彊、危害性大；具有同步疊加性；災害髮生具有明顯的季節性；地質災害活動的頻次逐年增高。主要緻災模式有三種，即採空區垮塌＋滑坡（或崩塌）＋巖漠化、礦坑疏榦排水＋地裂縫＋崩塌（或滑坡）＋巖漠化、煤矸石及尾礦堆存佔地＋暴雨山洪＋滑坡（或泥石流）＋土地損燬。
귀주성지처양자준지태여화남습추대적결합부，매탄자원주요분포재륙반수매전、직납매전화검북매전삼대매전。통과조사매광개채인발적지질재해급배경문제，발현매광개채인발적지질재해주요유활파、붕탑、니석류、지면탑함、지렬봉、지면침강、광갱돌수등，총결출매광개채인발적지질재해특정위：분포범위엄、구역성강；돌발성강、위해성대；구유동보첩가성；재해발생구유명현적계절성；지질재해활동적빈차축년증고。주요치재모식유삼충，즉채공구과탑＋활파（혹붕탑）＋암막화、광갱소간배수＋지렬봉＋붕탑（혹활파）＋암막화、매안석급미광퇴존점지＋폭우산홍＋활파（혹니석류）＋토지손훼。
The Guizhou Province is situated at the junction of Yangtze metaplatform and South China fold belt, coal resources are mainly distributed in the Lupanshui, Zhina and North Guizhou three large coalfields. From investigation of geological hazards and environmen-tal issues initiated by coal mining, has found that geological hazards mainly have landslide, avalanche, debris flow, surface collapse, ground fissure, surface subsidence, mine water bursting etc. Summarized coal mining initiated geological hazard characteristics have:widely distributed, strong pertaining to a region;large unexpectedness and harmfulness;synchronous superposition;distinct seasonality;and geological hazard frequency increased year after year. Main disaster modes have three:gob area collapse+landslide (or avalanche)+rocky desertification, mine dewatering drainage+ground fissure+avalanche (or landslide)+rocky desertification, gangue and tailings disposal occupation of land+rainstorm and mountain torrents+landslide (or debris flow)+land destruction.
