资源与生态学报（英文版）
資源與生態學報（英文版）
자원여생태학보（영문판）
JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY
2010年
2期
155-163
,共9页
商品贸易%碳转移%投入产出%中美
商品貿易%碳轉移%投入產齣%中美
상품무역%탄전이%투입산출%중미
merchandise trade%carbon transfer%input-output analysis%Sino-U.S
中美两国均为温室气体排放大国,且双边贸易额巨大.由于两国在基础设施、技术、装备水平、能源综合效率和资源禀赋上存在差异,使得通过中美商品贸易,美国将大量的碳排放转移到了中国.本文采用投入产出分析方法,结合经济、能源与贸易3个系统,建立了基于国际商品贸易的碳排放转移模型,并分别测算了1997与2002年中美商品贸易中各相应部门的碳排放转移量.研究表明:(1)1997与2002年,基于中美商品贸易的中国产业部门通过出口转移到美国的载碳量分别达到4010.13×104与5056.21×104t C,分别占中国相应产业部门载碳总量的6.61%与8.33%;而美国产业部门出口到中国商品的载碳量仅为290.65×104与335.61×104t C,相应的仅占美国产业部门载碳总量的0.53%与0.66%;(2)1997与2002年,中美商品贸易的碳转移总量分别达3719.75×104与4719.60×104t C,其中化学工业、金属冶炼及其压延加工业是主要的碳转移部门.(3)1997与2002年,通过国际商品贸易,美国分别有相当于其相应部门碳排放总量的6.77%与9.32%的碳被泄露到了中国,中国为美国的碳减排做出了很大的潜在贡献,因此,美国等发达国家应该为中国等发展中国家提供切实有效的气候与环境友好型技术援助.
中美兩國均為溫室氣體排放大國,且雙邊貿易額巨大.由于兩國在基礎設施、技術、裝備水平、能源綜閤效率和資源稟賦上存在差異,使得通過中美商品貿易,美國將大量的碳排放轉移到瞭中國.本文採用投入產齣分析方法,結閤經濟、能源與貿易3箇繫統,建立瞭基于國際商品貿易的碳排放轉移模型,併分彆測算瞭1997與2002年中美商品貿易中各相應部門的碳排放轉移量.研究錶明:(1)1997與2002年,基于中美商品貿易的中國產業部門通過齣口轉移到美國的載碳量分彆達到4010.13×104與5056.21×104t C,分彆佔中國相應產業部門載碳總量的6.61%與8.33%;而美國產業部門齣口到中國商品的載碳量僅為290.65×104與335.61×104t C,相應的僅佔美國產業部門載碳總量的0.53%與0.66%;(2)1997與2002年,中美商品貿易的碳轉移總量分彆達3719.75×104與4719.60×104t C,其中化學工業、金屬冶煉及其壓延加工業是主要的碳轉移部門.(3)1997與2002年,通過國際商品貿易,美國分彆有相噹于其相應部門碳排放總量的6.77%與9.32%的碳被洩露到瞭中國,中國為美國的碳減排做齣瞭很大的潛在貢獻,因此,美國等髮達國傢應該為中國等髮展中國傢提供切實有效的氣候與環境友好型技術援助.
중미량국균위온실기체배방대국,차쌍변무역액거대.유우량국재기출설시、기술、장비수평、능원종합효솔화자원품부상존재차이,사득통과중미상품무역,미국장대량적탄배방전이도료중국.본문채용투입산출분석방법,결합경제、능원여무역3개계통,건립료기우국제상품무역적탄배방전이모형,병분별측산료1997여2002년중미상품무역중각상응부문적탄배방전이량.연구표명:(1)1997여2002년,기우중미상품무역적중국산업부문통과출구전이도미국적재탄량분별체도4010.13×104여5056.21×104t C,분별점중국상응산업부문재탄총량적6.61%여8.33%;이미국산업부문출구도중국상품적재탄량부위290.65×104여335.61×104t C,상응적부점미국산업부문재탄총량적0.53%여0.66%;(2)1997여2002년,중미상품무역적탄전이총량분별체3719.75×104여4719.60×104t C,기중화학공업、금속야련급기압연가공업시주요적탄전이부문.(3)1997여2002년,통과국제상품무역,미국분별유상당우기상응부문탄배방총량적6.77%여9.32%적탄피설로도료중국,중국위미국적탄감배주출료흔대적잠재공헌,인차,미국등발체국가응해위중국등발전중국가제공절실유효적기후여배경우호형기술원조.
China and the United States are both countries with huge carbon emission,and the volume of trade between them is large.Due to the differences in natural resources,technology,equipment and energy use efficiency,there is a large carbon emission transfer from the United States to China by Sino-U.S.merchandise trade.This paper adopts the input-output analysis method,and combines the systems of economy,energy consumption and trade to establish a carbon emission transfer model based on international trade.And then it calculates the carbon emission transfer by Sino-U.S.merchandise trade in1997 and 2002.The conclusions are as follows:(ⅰ)In 1997 and 2002,the total carbon emissions of China's industry sectors by exporting merchandise to the U.S.reached 40.1013 Mt C(million tonnes of carbon equivalent)and 50.5621 Mt C,accounting for 6.61% and 8.33% of total carbon emissions of China's industry sectors; while the total carbon emissions of the United States' industry sectors by exporting merchandise to China were 2.9065 Mt C and 3.3561 Mt C,accounting for only 0.53% and 0.66% of the total carbon emissions of the United States' industry sectors;(ⅱ)In 1997 and 2002,the carbon emission transfer from the United States to China by Sino-U.S.merchandise trade reached 37.1975 Mt C and47.1960 Mt C.Specially,the contributions of chemical industry,metal smelting and pressing sector are prominent;(ⅲ)In 1997 and 2002,there were equivalent to 6.77% and 9.32% of the United States' industry sectors' total carbon emissions transferred to China.China has made part of contribution to carbon emission reduction for the United States.Developed countries such as the United States should provide climate-friendly and environment-friendly techniques to developing countries such as China.
