CAJ | 학술논문

能量分配格局是研究生态系统能量流动的基础,但是由于热带森林结构的高度复杂性和物种多样性,对它的热值和能量分配格局的全面研究还很少.该文研究的热带季节雨林位于西双版纳,是分布于热带亚洲北缘的一种森林类型;山地常绿阔叶林位于云南省中部的哀牢山,属于我国西部亚热带地区的山地常绿阔叶林.该研究的目的是探讨这两种重要森林类型的热值和能量分配格局,验证Golley(1961,1969)提出的世界范围内植被的热值由低纬度向高纬度、由低海拔向高海拔升高的规律.热值的测定采用SDCM-Ⅲa氧弹测量仪.两个森林样地面积都是1 hm2,能量分配格局及年固定量根据生物量和生物量增量计算.研究结果表明,热带季节雨林样地的热值低于山地常绿阔叶林,乔木层的热值＞灌木层＞草本层,所有器官中叶片的热值较高.由于以前种植砂仁(Amomum villosum)的影响,热带季节雨林样地的能量现存量小于山地常绿阔叶林,但是因为地处高温高湿、光照充足的地区,热带季节雨林的能量年固定量高于山地常绿阔叶林.对于热带季节雨林样地来说,97%的能量储存在乔木层中;山地常绿阔叶林样地的乔木层储存了88%的能量,可见乔木层是维持森林能量结构的关键层.研究结果为Golley的结论提供了更加丰富的实验证据.
능량분배격국시연구생태계통능량류동적기출,단시유우열대삼림결구적고도복잡성화물충다양성,대타적열치화능량분배격국적전면연구환흔소.해문연구적열대계절우림위우서쌍판납,시분포우열대아주북연적일충삼림류형;산지상록활협림위우운남성중부적애뢰산,속우아국서부아열대지구적산지상록활협림.해연구적목적시탐토저량충중요삼림류형적열치화능량분배격국,험증Golley(1961,1969)제출적세계범위내식피적열치유저위도향고위도、유저해발향고해발승고적규률.열치적측정채용SDCM-Ⅲa양탄측량의.량개삼림양지면적도시1 hm2,능량분배격국급년고정량근거생물량화생물량증량계산.연구결과표명,열대계절우림양지적열치저우산지상록활협림,교목층적열치＞관목층＞초본층,소유기관중협편적열치교고.유우이전충식사인(Amomum villosum)적영향,열대계절우림양지적능량현존량소우산지상록활협림,단시인위지처고온고습、광조충족적지구,열대계절우림적능량년고정량고우산지상록활협림.대우열대계절우림양지래설,97%적능량저존재교목층중;산지상록활협림양지적교목층저존료88%적능량,가견교목층시유지삼림능량결구적관건층.연구결과위Golley적결론제공료경가봉부적실험증거.
Aims Energy allocation pattern is the basis for understanding energy flow processes in ecosystems. High structure complexity and species diversity of tropical forests, however, have resulted in little research on caloric values and energy allocation patterns in tropical rain forests. Tropical seasonal rain forest (TSRF) in Xishuangbanna, Southwest Yunnan is distributed on the northern edge of tropical Asia, and montane evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF) is located in subtropical mountain areas of middle Yunnan. Our objectives are to examine the energy allocation pattern of the two forests and test the hypothesis of Golley (1961, 1969) that caloric values of vegetation tend to increase with the altitude and latitude. Methods Caloric values were measured with a SDCM-Ⅲ a oxygen bomb calorimeter. Energy allocation and sequestration were estimated based on biomass and biomass increment in a 1 hm2 plot in each forest. Important findings The caloric value of the TSRF plot was lower than that of the MEBF plot. Caloric values decreased from tree layer to shrub layer to herb layer. Leaves showed the highest caloric values of any plant part. Due to an understory plantation of Amomum villosum, which had removed almost all saplings and seedlings, the TSRF plot stored less energy than the MEBF plot, although it still maintained a high energy sequestration rate for tropical habitats with high temperature, humidity and intensive solar radiation. The tree layer stored 97% of the energy in the TSRF plot and 88% in the MEBF plot, suggesting that tree layer plays a key role in the maintenance of energy structure in the two forests. Our results support Golley's hypothesis.