CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解城乡社区空巢与非空巢老人抑郁症现况并分析其影响因素及其差异.方法以整群抽样方法,调查4265名上海市、黑龙江省、广东省和山西省城乡社区≥60岁老年人,采用老年精神状况量表和自行研制的危险因素问卷开展人户调查,Mann-Whitney U非参数检验和多元逐步非条件logistic回归的方法分析.结果 (1)空巢老人抑郁症状检出率(8.18％)高于非空巢(6.31％),差异有统计学意义(p=0.019)；(2)空巢老人居住城市、男性、在婚、文化程度较高、收入水平较高(≥15 000元/年)和有职业的比例较高(P＜0.0001)；(3)空巢老人健康和生活自评好的比例较高(P=0.0001,P＜0.0001),近两年健康出现明显变化和经济出现严重困难的比例较高(P=0.001,P=0.002)；(4)女性、独身、健康和生活自评差、躯体疾病≥3种、近两年发生健康明显改变和亲人去世、参加宗教和社区活动均是空巢老人患抑郁症状的影响因素；空巢老人抑郁症患病率存在地区差异.结论空巢老人出现抑郁症状的比例要高于非空巢老人.空巢老人具有独身、女性、近两年出现负性生活事件等特征,应是社区卫生工作重点关注的对象.
목적 료해성향사구공소여비공소노인억욱증현황병분석기영향인소급기차이.방법 이정군추양방법,조사4265명상해시、흑룡강성、광동성화산서성성향사구≥60세노년인,채용노년정신상황량표화자행연제적위험인소문권개전인호조사,Mann-Whitney U비삼수검험화다원축보비조건logistic회귀적방법분석.결과 (1)공소노인억욱증상검출솔(8.18％)고우비공소(6.31％),차이유통계학의의(p=0.019)；(2)공소노인거주성시、남성、재혼、문화정도교고、수입수평교고(≥15 000원/년)화유직업적비례교고(P＜0.0001)；(3)공소노인건강화생활자평호적비례교고(P=0.0001,P＜0.0001),근량년건강출현명현변화화경제출현엄중곤난적비례교고(P=0.001,P=0.002)；(4)녀성、독신、건강화생활자평차、구체질병≥3충、근량년발생건강명현개변화친인거세、삼가종교화사구활동균시공소노인환억욱증상적영향인소；공소노인억욱증환병솔존재지구차이.결론 공소노인출현억욱증상적비례요고우비공소노인.공소노인구유독신、녀성、근량년출현부성생활사건등특정,응시사구위생공작중점관주적대상.
Objective To investigate the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among ‘empty-nest' and ‘non-empty-nest' elderly in four cities/provinces.Methods 4265 elderly aged 60 and over,were recruited with cluster sampling method in Shanghai,Heilongjiang,Guangdong and Shanxi province and interviewed,using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule and self-developed related questionnaire.Results ( 1 ) The prevalence of depressive symptoms for ‘empty-nest' elderly was (8.18％),significantly higher than that for ‘non-empty-nest' eldcrly (P=0.019) ; (2) the ‘empty-nest' elderly had a significantly higher proportion of the following factors:being male,married,with higher income ( ≥ 15 000 Yuan/year),living in city,with high education background,under employment etc.than the ‘non-empty-nest' elderly (P＜0.0001) ; (3)the ‘empty-nest' elderly had significantly higher proportions on good self-rated health status and life (P=0.0001,P＜0.0001 ) as well as heavier health problems and economic difficulties (P=0.00 1,P=0.002 ) ; (4) there were significantly negative associations between depressive symptoms and the following 10 factors:being female,single,having bad self-rated health and life status,having somatic disease ≥3,with big health problems in the last two years and loss of dearest persons,community engagement and involvement of religious activities.Conclusion The ‘empty-nest' elderly showed higher prevalence of having depressive symptoms than the ‘non-empty-nest' elderly.The ‘empty-nest' elderly had characteristics as being single,female,having adverse event etc.and should be under greater attention for care.