CAJ | 학술논문

炭屑化石的显微结构研究是根据木材的解剖特征(组成木材的细胞与组织的形态和排列方式)确定燃烧植物的类型,重建古植被和古环境,探讨人类活动对环境的影响.火石梁和缸缸洼青铜冶炼点位于河西走廊西北部、黑河流域下游巴丹吉林南缘沙地中,散布了大量的炭屑化石遗存.通过炭屑化石3个切面(横切面、径切面和弦切面)显微结构特征研究,比对现代切片标本和木材解剖图版,识别和确定炭屑化石的木材种属,确定 2100～1860BC期间的青铜冶炼所用木材为柽柳、杨属、柳属、蓼科4种乔灌木植物,火石梁和缸缸洼地区大量乔、灌群落生长要比目前荒漠生态环境优越的多.先民的青铜冶炼活动导致乔木和灌木植物被大量砍伐,植被盖度急剧降低,对生态环境产生重大影响,是1900BC左右杨属、柳属和蓼科乔灌木植物基本消失的主要原因.
탄설화석적현미결구연구시근거목재적해부특정(조성목재적세포여조직적형태화배렬방식)학정연소식물적류형,중건고식피화고배경,탐토인류활동대배경적영향.화석량화항항와청동야련점위우하서주랑서북부、흑하류역하유파단길림남연사지중,산포료대량적탄설화석유존.통과탄설화석3개절면(횡절면、경절면화현절면)현미결구특정연구,비대현대절편표본화목재해부도판,식별화학정탄설화석적목재충속,학정 2100～1860BC기간적청동야련소용목재위정류、양속、류속、료과4충교관목식물,화석량화항항와지구대량교、관군락생장요비목전황막생태배경우월적다.선민적청동야련활동도치교목화관목식물피대량감벌,식피개도급극강저,대생태배경산생중대영향,시1900BC좌우양속、류속화료과교관목식물기본소실적주요원인.
The microstructure study of charcoal fossils,based on wood anatomical characteristics such as morphology and range-style of cell and organization,can be used in identifying of types of burned woods and further in reconstructing of paleovegetation and paleoenvironment to approach effects of human activities on environment. Huoshiliang and Ganggangwa bronze smelting sites,located on the south margin of Badain Jaran desert in the northwest of Hexi corridor,Gansu Province,have abundant charcoal fossils. Three-dimensional(transverse section,radial section,tangential section)microscopic structures of charcoal fossils from the two sites show that 4 plant genus of Tamarix,Populus,Salix,and Ploygonaceae were chosen as fire wood for bronze smelting during 2100～1860BC. It can be inferred that the landscape of that period was one dominated by woody plant communities(tree and shrub),and that the environment was superior to the modern environment characterized by desert. Deforestation caused by smelting might be an important factor which resulted in almost disappearance of Populus,Salix and Ploygonaceae in around 1900BC.