国际眼科杂志
國際眼科雜誌
국제안과잡지
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
2005年
5期
847-851
,共5页
饶程%袁祥辉%张思杰%王秋林%黄友恕
饒程%袁祥輝%張思傑%王鞦林%黃友恕
요정%원상휘%장사걸%왕추림%황우서
外层视网膜变性%人工视网膜技术%老年黄斑变性%色素性视网膜炎%表层型视网膜电刺激%表层型人工视网膜
外層視網膜變性%人工視網膜技術%老年黃斑變性%色素性視網膜炎%錶層型視網膜電刺激%錶層型人工視網膜
외층시망막변성%인공시망막기술%노년황반변성%색소성시망막염%표층형시망막전자격%표층형인공시망막
outer retinal degeneration%retinal prosthesis%age-related macular degeneration%retinitis pigmentosa%epiretinal electrical stimulation%epiretinal prosthesis
老年黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎是两种主要外层视网膜变性疾病,也是致盲的主要眼病.对于这种光感受器受损的视网膜疾病,人工视网膜技术是一种非常有希望的治疗途径.现在的人工视网膜技术都是基于神经电刺激发展起来的.在过去的二十多年时间里,人工视网膜技术主要分为两大方向:外层型和表层型.两种人工视网膜技术各有优缺点.对于表层型人工视网膜,植入更为方便,并且可以利用玻璃腔的空间对植入物进行散热.本文首先从视网膜多层结构的信号转换和传递功能出发,简单的介绍了人工视网膜技术的概念;概括了表层型视网膜电刺激需要考虑的一些重要方面;最后总结了美国、德国和日本的研究者研究的几种表层型人工视网膜方案.可以肯定,随着各相关学科的发展,人工视网膜将在不久的将来得到广泛的应用.
老年黃斑變性和色素性視網膜炎是兩種主要外層視網膜變性疾病,也是緻盲的主要眼病.對于這種光感受器受損的視網膜疾病,人工視網膜技術是一種非常有希望的治療途徑.現在的人工視網膜技術都是基于神經電刺激髮展起來的.在過去的二十多年時間裏,人工視網膜技術主要分為兩大方嚮:外層型和錶層型.兩種人工視網膜技術各有優缺點.對于錶層型人工視網膜,植入更為方便,併且可以利用玻璃腔的空間對植入物進行散熱.本文首先從視網膜多層結構的信號轉換和傳遞功能齣髮,簡單的介紹瞭人工視網膜技術的概唸;概括瞭錶層型視網膜電刺激需要攷慮的一些重要方麵;最後總結瞭美國、德國和日本的研究者研究的幾種錶層型人工視網膜方案.可以肯定,隨著各相關學科的髮展,人工視網膜將在不久的將來得到廣汎的應用.
노년황반변성화색소성시망막염시량충주요외층시망막변성질병,야시치맹적주요안병.대우저충광감수기수손적시망막질병,인공시망막기술시일충비상유희망적치료도경.현재적인공시망막기술도시기우신경전자격발전기래적.재과거적이십다년시간리,인공시망막기술주요분위량대방향:외층형화표층형.량충인공시망막기술각유우결점.대우표층형인공시망막,식입경위방편,병차가이이용파리강적공간대식입물진행산열.본문수선종시망막다층결구적신호전환화전체공능출발,간단적개소료인공시망막기술적개념;개괄료표층형시망막전자격수요고필적일사중요방면;최후총결료미국、덕국화일본적연구자연구적궤충표층형인공시망막방안.가이긍정,수착각상관학과적발전,인공시망막장재불구적장래득도엄범적응용.
·Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are common outer retinal degenerative problems, which are also the predominant causes of most blinding retinal diseases. Retinal prosthesis is a promising solution for such photoreceptor degeneration diseases.Most of current concepts for a retinal prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation. In the past twenty years, retinal prosthesis has been developed in two different directions: epiretinal prosthesis and subretinal prosthesis. Each prosthesis technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For epiretinal prosthesis, it is easier to be implanted and has the advantage of keeping most of the electronics in the vitreous cavity, off the retinal surface, which greatly helps in dissipating the heat generated by the implant device. In this paper, a brief overview of retinal prostheses concepts is introduced. After that, several important aspects of epiretinal electrical stimulation will be discussed. Moreover, some practical epiretinal prosthesis devices developed by researchers in United States, Germany and Japan in the past have been reviewed. We hope that the devices will be used widely in the near future.