CAJ | 학술논문

选择奥地利境内阿尔卑斯山健康欧洲云杉为对象,研究室内接种蓝变真菌(Ceratocystis polonica)引起的寄主树木韧皮部和木质部解剖学特征的变化,揭示蓝变真菌引起欧洲云杉枯萎的机制.结果表明:接种1周后的4株欧洲云杉的木质部组织内,蓝变区域显著增加,4～6周后蓝变区域不再增加;而在接种无菌琼脂的2株对照欧洲云杉的木质部组织内,没有检测到蓝变区域.采用生物化学分析和组织定位技术,确定接种真菌和无菌琼脂的欧洲云杉木质部区域纤维素酶的分布和活性变化.接种2周后剥皮取样检测,接种真菌的4株欧洲云杉的木质部组织内纤维素酶含量大幅度增加,其等电聚焦电泳显示明显的纤维素酶酶带;而在接种无菌琼脂的欧洲云杉木质部区域,纤维素酶含量分布较少,其等电聚焦电泳显示微弱的纤维素酶酶带.进一步证明蓝变真菌分泌的纤维素酶能利用寄主欧洲云杉木质部的纤维素,蓝变真菌是致死阿尔卑斯山境内欧洲云杉的重要病原菌.
선택오지리경내아이비사산건강구주운삼위대상,연구실내접충람변진균(Ceratocystis polonica)인기적기주수목인피부화목질부해부학특정적변화,게시람변진균인기구주운삼고위적궤제.결과표명:접충1주후적4주구주운삼적목질부조직내,람변구역현저증가,4～6주후람변구역불재증가;이재접충무균경지적2주대조구주운삼적목질부조직내,몰유검측도람변구역.채용생물화학분석화조직정위기술,학정접충진균화무균경지적구주운삼목질부구역섬유소매적분포화활성변화.접충2주후박피취양검측,접충진균적4주구주운삼적목질부조직내섬유소매함량대폭도증가,기등전취초전영현시명현적섬유소매매대;이재접충무균경지적구주운삼목질부구역,섬유소매함량분포교소,기등전취초전영현시미약적섬유소매매대.진일보증명람변진균분비적섬유소매능이용기주구주운삼목질부적섬유소,람변진균시치사아이비사산경내구주운삼적중요병원균.
The blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, a virulent fungal associate of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, is pathogenic to European spruce ( Picea abies) in Europe. The wilting mechanism in P. abies after inoculation with C. polonica was examined based on anatomical studies of the phloem and xylem of periodically harvested trees. In a field experiment, the blue-stained sapwood area of European spruce was measured in response to inoculation with C. polonica, four vigorous, mature European spruce trees were mass-inoculated with C. polonica at a density of four inoculations per dm2 within a 120-cm-wide band on the lower bole. Two other trees were inoculated with sterile agar and served as controls. In four trees that had been inoculated with the fungus, blue-stained sapwood area increased dramatically within the first weeks after inoculation until no bluestained sapwood area was measurable 4 ～ 6 weeks after inoculation. No obvious blue-stained sapwood area were recorded in the two control trees. Biochemical analysis and histochemical localization techniques were used to assess changes and distribution of cellulase in the xylem fraction. It was shown that, in maturing xylem tissue that inoculated with sterile agar for two weeks, a small amount of the cellulase activity signal was found. However, high cellulase activity was detected in the xylem tissue of four trees that had been inoculated with C. polonica after two weeks. An isoelectric-focusing electrophoresis of the extracted protein displayed obvious isozyme bands of cellulose for the inoculation treatment. This proved that C. polonica can secrete cellulase to utilize cellulose of xylem in host trees. The results confirm the ability of C. polonica to kill mature European spruce trees in the Alps.