植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2009年
4期
808-814
,共7页
施氮水平%产量%SOC%TSN
施氮水平%產量%SOC%TSN
시담수평%산량%SOC%TSN
nitrogen application rate%grain yield%soil organic carbon%total soil N
施用氮肥是提高作物产量和土壤有机碳(SOC)、氮(TSN)含量的重要养分管理措施.利用长期田间试验(1984～2007),定量评价了常规耕作条件下5个施氮水平NO(N0)、45(M45)、90(N90)、135(N135)和180(N180)kg/hm2处理下.小麦子粒产量、SOC、TSN和氮肥利用效率的变化.研究了施氮水平对黄土旱塬区小麦产量、SOC和TSN积累的影响.结果表明,1984～2007年期间,N0、N45、N90、N135和N180处理小麦产量的平均值依次为1.2、2.4、2.9、3.2和3.4t/hm2;N0处理的小麦产量随试验年限而降低,年降低幅度达67 kg/hm2(P<0.001);但增施氮肥处理小麦产量降低趋势得到显著控制,当施氮水平提高到N 90 kg/hm2时,产量随年限呈现出缓慢升高的趋势.随着施氮水平的提高,地上部氮肥利用率由40%(N45)降低到28%(N180).不同施氮水平条件下,SOC含量随年限呈缓慢升高趋势.23年后(2007年),N0、N45、N90、N135和N180即处理下,0-20 cm土层SOC储量依次为16.9、18.2、18.7、19.0和19.1t/hm2;TSN储量依次为2.03、2.16、2.24、2.34和2.37 t/hm2.施氮水平与产量呈显著的抛物线关系(R2=0.993).产量与soc存在着极显著的线性相关关系(R2=0.997).增施N 1 kg/hm2,小麦产最可提高29 kg/hm2,SOC提高1.2 kg/hm2,TSN提高0.13 kg/hm2.根茬还田量的增加是导致黄土旱塬区SOC和TSN提高的主要因素.
施用氮肥是提高作物產量和土壤有機碳(SOC)、氮(TSN)含量的重要養分管理措施.利用長期田間試驗(1984～2007),定量評價瞭常規耕作條件下5箇施氮水平NO(N0)、45(M45)、90(N90)、135(N135)和180(N180)kg/hm2處理下.小麥子粒產量、SOC、TSN和氮肥利用效率的變化.研究瞭施氮水平對黃土旱塬區小麥產量、SOC和TSN積纍的影響.結果錶明,1984～2007年期間,N0、N45、N90、N135和N180處理小麥產量的平均值依次為1.2、2.4、2.9、3.2和3.4t/hm2;N0處理的小麥產量隨試驗年限而降低,年降低幅度達67 kg/hm2(P<0.001);但增施氮肥處理小麥產量降低趨勢得到顯著控製,噹施氮水平提高到N 90 kg/hm2時,產量隨年限呈現齣緩慢升高的趨勢.隨著施氮水平的提高,地上部氮肥利用率由40%(N45)降低到28%(N180).不同施氮水平條件下,SOC含量隨年限呈緩慢升高趨勢.23年後(2007年),N0、N45、N90、N135和N180即處理下,0-20 cm土層SOC儲量依次為16.9、18.2、18.7、19.0和19.1t/hm2;TSN儲量依次為2.03、2.16、2.24、2.34和2.37 t/hm2.施氮水平與產量呈顯著的拋物線關繫(R2=0.993).產量與soc存在著極顯著的線性相關關繫(R2=0.997).增施N 1 kg/hm2,小麥產最可提高29 kg/hm2,SOC提高1.2 kg/hm2,TSN提高0.13 kg/hm2.根茬還田量的增加是導緻黃土旱塬區SOC和TSN提高的主要因素.
시용담비시제고작물산량화토양유궤탄(SOC)、담(TSN)함량적중요양분관리조시.이용장기전간시험(1984～2007),정량평개료상규경작조건하5개시담수평NO(N0)、45(M45)、90(N90)、135(N135)화180(N180)kg/hm2처리하.소맥자립산량、SOC、TSN화담비이용효솔적변화.연구료시담수평대황토한원구소맥산량、SOC화TSN적루적영향.결과표명,1984～2007년기간,N0、N45、N90、N135화N180처리소맥산량적평균치의차위1.2、2.4、2.9、3.2화3.4t/hm2;N0처리적소맥산량수시험년한이강저,년강저폭도체67 kg/hm2(P<0.001);단증시담비처리소맥산량강저추세득도현저공제,당시담수평제고도N 90 kg/hm2시,산량수년한정현출완만승고적추세.수착시담수평적제고,지상부담비이용솔유40%(N45)강저도28%(N180).불동시담수평조건하,SOC함량수년한정완만승고추세.23년후(2007년),N0、N45、N90、N135화N180즉처리하,0-20 cm토층SOC저량의차위16.9、18.2、18.7、19.0화19.1t/hm2;TSN저량의차위2.03、2.16、2.24、2.34화2.37 t/hm2.시담수평여산량정현저적포물선관계(R2=0.993).산량여soc존재착겁현저적선성상관관계(R2=0.997).증시N 1 kg/hm2,소맥산최가제고29 kg/hm2,SOC제고1.2 kg/hm2,TSN제고0.13 kg/hm2.근치환전량적증가시도치황토한원구SOC화TSN제고적주요인소.
Nitrogen fertilization significantly influences soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) in rainfed farming systems. Effects of N application rates on crop yield, SOC and TSN in a rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system without crop residues returned to soil were studied using a long term field experiment from 1984 to 2007 in a silt loam Heilu soil (Calcarid Regosols). There were five N application rates, 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg/ha N. The averaged grain yields of wheat are 1.2, 2.4, 2.9, 3.2, and 3.4 t/ha for the five treatments, respectively. For the treatment without N fertilization (N0), the grain yield gradually declines with years at a rate of 67 kg/ha (P< 0.001). For the treatments with N fertilization, the grain yields are stable, and even improve with years. Fertilizer N use efficiencies are decreased from 40% to 28% for the N45 treatment and the N180 treatment. SOC contents in 0-20 cm depth are significantly influenced by the long-term N fertilization, and the SOC pools in 0-20 cm depth range from 16.9 t/ha for the N0 treatment to 19.1 t/ha for the N180 treatment under the 23 year N applications. Similarly, TSN contents and pools are also significantly affected by th N rates. The TSN pools for 0-20 cm depth range from 2.03 t/ha for the N0 treatment to 2.37 t/ha for the N180 treatment. There are significant correlation between crop yields and the N rates(R2 =0.993), and as well as the correlation between yields and SOC (R2 = 0.997). The grain yield increase rate is 29 kg/ha per 1 kg N fertilization, and the rates for SOC and TSN in 0-20 cm depth are 1.2 kg/ha and 0.13 kg/ha under crop residues removed from the ground, respectively. Root-derived C and N are the main sources of SOC and TSN under the rainfed wheat cropping system in the loess tablelands.
