CAJ | 학술논문

为了更真实地反映农民生计多样性的变化,选取地理位置相对偏远且经济落后的西部丘陵区作为调研区域,采取参与式农村评估法进行实地调查,广泛听取农民的意见,采用重点和随机抽样相结合的方法,根据经济发展水平,将调查区域确定在重庆市云阳县和酉阳县2个贫困县的4个村内,探讨了贫困地区农民生计多样化对农民生活水平的影响,以及由此引起的农民与土地关系的变化.选择重庆市云阳县和酉阳县4个村185户农民为调查对象,从农户的家庭规模、年龄结构、文化程度、收入构成、农户类型等基本情况以及土地利用情况对农民生计多样性进行调查统计.将农民的生计方式细分为务农、打工、做生意、教师、跑运输、企业主、公务员和其他8类,从不同生计方式的收入差异、生计方式与收入水平关系、生计方式与经营土地面积关系3个方面对农民生计方式变化情况进行了分析.研究表明,农民生计多样性对增加农民收入起到主要作用,是提高贫困地区农民生活水平的重要举措,随着生计方式的多元化,土地收益不再是家庭收入的主要来源,农民对土地的依赖度逐渐降低.
위료경진실지반영농민생계다양성적변화,선취지리위치상대편원차경제락후적서부구릉구작위조연구역,채취삼여식농촌평고법진행실지조사,엄범은취농민적의견,채용중점화수궤추양상결합적방법,근거경제발전수평,장조사구역학정재중경시운양현화유양현2개빈곤현적4개촌내,탐토료빈곤지구농민생계다양화대농민생활수평적영향,이급유차인기적농민여토지관계적변화.선택중경시운양현화유양현4개촌185호농민위조사대상,종농호적가정규모、년령결구、문화정도、수입구성、농호류형등기본정황이급토지이용정황대농민생계다양성진행조사통계.장농민적생계방식세분위무농、타공、주생의、교사、포운수、기업주、공무원화기타8류,종불동생계방식적수입차이、생계방식여수입수평관계、생계방식여경영토지면적관계3개방면대농민생계방식변화정황진행료분석.연구표명,농민생계다양성대증가농민수입기도주요작용,시제고빈곤지구농민생활수평적중요거조,수착생계방식적다원화,토지수익불재시가정수입적주요래원,농민대토지적의뢰도축점강저.
In order to more truly reflect the change of livelihood diversity of peasants,hilly region of southwestern China with relatively remote location and backward economy is selected as the investigation region. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is adopted to conduct field investigation in order to collect the suggestions from peasants. According to the economic development level,a total of 4 villages in 2 poverty counties (Yunyang County and Youyang County) in Chongqing City are taken as the investigation region using the methods of both random sampling and importance sampling. Effects of diversity of peasants ' livelihood on living standard in poverty areas are discussed,as well as the change of the relationship between peasants and land. A total of 185 peasant households in the 4 villages are investigated from the aspects of family scale,age structure,education degree,income structure and other basic information,as well as the land use situation and the diversity of peasants ' livelihood. Their livelihood can be divided into eight types,which are farmer,migrant labor,doing business,teacher,enterpriser,transporter,civil servant and others. Change of peasants ' livelihood is analyzed from the aspects of income difference,the relationship between livelihood and income level,and the relationship between livelihood and land area under cultivation. Research result shows that diversity of peasants ' livelihood has played a major role in the increase of peasants ' income. And land revenue is no longer the main source of household income and peasants ' dependence on the land is gradually reduced.