CAJ | 학술논문

目的探讨职业病护理评估方法与模式的研究设计和应用价值.方法构建职业病护理评估方法与标准,分病种进行设计,编制护理量化评估表.将2010年1月至2012年3月深圳市5种常见职业病(职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎、职业性慢性正己烷中毒、职业性慢性苯中毒、职业性慢性铅中毒、肺尘埃沉着病)234名患者采用随机区组法分为对照组107例和观察组127例.对照组采用常规的评估方法(统一的职业病科首次护理评估单)及护理,观察组采用新设计的护理评估方法(人院时采用各病种的首次护理评估单,再采用各病种护理量化评估表)进行评估,并相应实施护理干预.比较护理人员采用两种职业病护理评估方法对不同病种、不同等级的职业病患者的身心症状护理评估效果及评估能力,并对患者、护士及医生作满意度调查,对护士职业病相关知识技能进行考核.结果观察组护理记录合格率、护理操作指导合格率分别为98.5％,98.4％,对照组为90.5％,91.3％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2分别为6.16,5.16;P ＜0.05)；观察组初级责任护士评估完整率及初级、高级责任护士评估差异率分别为96.9％,1.6％,均优于对照组的89.8％,8.7％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2分别为4.06,5.16;P ＜0.05)；评估设计研究前后患者及医生对护士的满意度[(40.35 ±4.86)分比(47.28±1.99)分、(41.06±3.52)分比(48.21±1.47)分]、护士职业病相关知识技能考核成绩[(82.52±5.24)分比(93.89±0.62)分]均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(u分别为17.76,13.00；t=10.16;P ＜0.01).结论职业病护理评估方法与模式的构建使专科护理人员专业技能稳步提高,全面提高了临床护理质量.
목적 탐토직업병호리평고방법여모식적연구설계화응용개치.방법 구건직업병호리평고방법여표준,분병충진행설계,편제호리양화평고표.장2010년1월지2012년3월심수시5충상견직업병(직업성삼록을희약진양피염、직업성만성정기완중독、직업성만성분중독、직업성만성연중독、폐진애침착병)234명환자채용수궤구조법분위대조조107례화관찰조127례.대조조채용상규적평고방법(통일적직업병과수차호리평고단)급호리,관찰조채용신설계적호리평고방법(인원시채용각병충적수차호리평고단,재채용각병충호리양화평고표)진행평고,병상응실시호리간예.비교호리인원채용량충직업병호리평고방법대불동병충、불동등급적직업병환자적신심증상호리평고효과급평고능력,병대환자、호사급의생작만의도조사,대호사직업병상관지식기능진행고핵.결과 관찰조호리기록합격솔、호리조작지도합격솔분별위98.5％,98.4％,대조조위90.5％,91.3％,량조비교,차이유통계학의의(x2분별위6.16,5.16;P ＜0.05)；관찰조초급책임호사평고완정솔급초급、고급책임호사평고차이솔분별위96.9％,1.6％,균우우대조조적89.8％,8.7％,량조비교,차이유통계학의의(x2분별위4.06,5.16;P ＜0.05)；평고설계연구전후환자급의생대호사적만의도[(40.35 ±4.86)분비(47.28±1.99)분、(41.06±3.52)분비(48.21±1.47)분]、호사직업병상관지식기능고핵성적[(82.52±5.24)분비(93.89±0.62)분]균명현제고,차이유통계학의의(u분별위17.76,13.00；t=10.16;P ＜0.01).결론 직업병호리평고방법여모식적구건사전과호리인원전업기능은보제고,전면제고료림상호리질량.
Objective To explore the nursing assessment method and pattern design of occupational disease and its application value.Methods The nursing assessment methods and standards of occupational diseases was constructed and designed according to different diseases,and nursing quantitative evaluation scale was established.Totals of 234 patients were recruited and randomly divided into observational group (n =127)and control group (n =107) between January 2010 and March 2012.Conventional nursing assessment methods and nursing care were adopted in the control group,while new designed assessment methods and corresponding nursing intervention were adopted in the observational group.Then,nurses' abilities of nursing assessment on different entity and rank occupational diseases,assessment effect,satisfaction degree of nurses,doctor and patients,the master status of occupation diseases knowledge and skills among nurses were observed.Results In observational group,qualified rate of nursing records and nursing operation guides qualified rate were 98.5％and 98.4％,respectively,significantly higher than that (90.5％ and 91.3％) of control group (x2 =6.16,5.16 ;P ＜ 0.05).Between observational group and control group,the primary nurses' estimates integrity rate was 96％ vs 89.8％ and the difference ratio between primary nurses and senior primary nurses was 1.6％ vs 8.7％,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =4.06,5.16;P ＜0.05).Before and after the new nursing assessment designed,satisfaction degree of patients was (40.35 ±4.86) vs (47.28 ± 1.99),and that of doctors was (41.06 ± 3.52) vs (48.21 ± 1.47),occupation diseases knowledge and skills score of nurses was (82.52 ±5.24) vs (93.89 ±0.62),and the difference was statistically significant(u =17.76,13.00;t =10.16;P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The construction of nursing assessment method and pattern of occupational disease can improve professional skills of special nurses and improve the quality of clinical nursing.