CAJ | 학술논문

光照是梨树生长发育的重要因子,树形结构的变化会影响冠内各层次叶幕对光的截获和利用,继而影响一系列与光有关的生理生化过程,最终对果实产量和品质产生影响。以改造后的单层开心树形（简称＂开心形＂）和多主枝通透疏散形（简称＂疏散形＂）的乔冠老鸭梨树为试材,对不同树形的光合特性以及果实产量和品质进行测定,研究鸭梨不同树形的光分布状况及其对果实产量和品质的影响,以确定老梨园更新改造适宜的树形。结果表明：由于单层开心形与疏散形的总枝量、短枝量以及短枝量/总枝量均有不同程度的差距,因而造成冠内有效光辐射、净光合速率和透光率的优劣,进而导致2种树形间产量和品质的显著差异。综合指标分析认为,乔砧大冠梨园的改造利用以选择开心树形为宜。
광조시리수생장발육적중요인자,수형결구적변화회영향관내각층차협막대광적절획화이용,계이영향일계렬여광유관적생리생화과정,최종대과실산량화품질산생영향。이개조후적단층개심수형（간칭＂개심형＂）화다주지통투소산형（간칭＂소산형＂）적교관로압리수위시재,대불동수형적광합특성이급과실산량화품질진행측정,연구압리불동수형적광분포상황급기대과실산량화품질적영향,이학정로리완경신개조괄의적수형。결과표명：유우단층개심형여소산형적총지량、단지량이급단지량/총지량균유불동정도적차거,인이조성관내유효광복사、정광합속솔화투광솔적우렬,진이도치2충수형간산량화품질적현저차이。종합지표분석인위,교침대관리완적개조이용이선택개심수형위의。
Light is an important factor on the growth and development of pear tree.Different tree shapes could affect light intensity and light utilization in each layer of the canopy,and then affect relative physiological and biochemical processes,and eventually affect fruit yield and quality.Taking pruned single layer tree with open centre and standard big canopy tree with disperse branches as research materials,the photosynthesis characteristics,fruit yield and fruit quality were measured to test the effects of light density,so as to determine appropriate tree shape for old pear orchards.The results showed that there were significant differences between 2 tree shapes.The reason could be that the differences in total branches number,short branches number and the proportion of short branches,affected photosynthesis active radiation,net photosynthetic rate and transmittance of light.The overall indicators analysis showed that open centre shape should be selected in the transformation of big canopy pear orchards with standard rootstocks.