CAJ | 학술논문

为了探索水稻(Oryza sativa L.)地方品种的遗传多样性及其有效保育方法,对采自云南省17个村寨的82个水稻地方品种和3个国际常用的典型籼稻和粳稻品种进行了微卫星(SSR)分子标记的分析.利用19对SSR引物在85个水稻品种中共扩增出了83个基因型,其分子量变异在100～500 bp之间.基于各品种SSR基因型遗传相似系数聚类分析而获得的UPGMA树状图表明各水稻品种之间存在较大的遗传多样性,其相似系数变异在0.15～0.90之间.但这些地方品种的遗传多样性并非呈均等的地理分布.这85个水稻品种在相似系数为0.52之处分为二组,其中一组包括几乎所有的籼稻品种,而另一组包括全部的粳稻品种,表明SSR标记能很好揭示水稻籼-粳分化.同时,有些来自不同采集地的同名品种表现出一定的遗传差异,说明同名异物的现象存在.云南水稻地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,对其有效保育十分重要和迫切,但只有根据遗传多样性的水平和分布特点,采用正确的保育对策和取样方法才能确保对云南水稻地方品种的有效保育.结果进一步表明,选用适当的微卫星引物,可以为准确鉴定籼稻和粳稻品种及研究其进化规律提供有效的分子标记方法,并有利于有目标的水稻遗传资源保育和育种创新.
위료탐색수도(Oryza sativa L.)지방품충적유전다양성급기유효보육방법,대채자운남성17개촌채적82개수도지방품충화3개국제상용적전형선도화갱도품충진행료미위성(SSR)분자표기적분석.이용19대SSR인물재85개수도품충중공확증출료83개기인형,기분자량변이재100～500 bp지간.기우각품충SSR기인형유전상사계수취류분석이획득적UPGMA수상도표명각수도품충지간존재교대적유전다양성,기상사계수변이재0.15～0.90지간.단저사지방품충적유전다양성병비정균등적지리분포.저85개수도품충재상사계수위0.52지처분위이조,기중일조포괄궤호소유적선도품충,이령일조포괄전부적갱도품충,표명SSR표기능흔호게시수도선-갱분화.동시,유사래자불동채집지적동명품충표현출일정적유전차이,설명동명이물적현상존재.운남수도지방품충구유봉부적유전다양성,대기유효보육십분중요화박절,단지유근거유전다양성적수평화분포특점,채용정학적보육대책화취양방법재능학보대운남수도지방품충적유효보육.결과진일보표명,선용괄당적미위성인물,가이위준학감정선도화갱도품충급연구기진화규률제공유효적분자표기방법,병유리우유목표적수도유전자원보육화육충창신.
Eighty-five rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, including 82 rice landraces collected from 17villages in Yunnan Province of China and three standard varieties representing typical Indica and Japonica ecotypes, were studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to estimate their genetic diversity for the purpose of strategic conservation. Nineteen selected SSR primer pairs amplified a total of 83 SSR alleles, with molecular weight ranging from 100 to 500 bp, from the 85 rice varieties. An UPGMA dendrogram based on the cluster analysis of genetic similarity of the SSR alleles showed a significant genetic variation among the included rice varieties, with the similarity coefficients varying between 0.152 and 0.900. However, genetic diversity of the rice varieties collected from Yunnan was unevenly distributed over their geographical locations. Two distinct groups were identified from the cluster analysis of the 85rice varieties at the similarity coefficient level of 0.152, with one group that included almost all accessions of Indica ecotype and another group that contained all accessions of Japonica ecotype. Varieties that shared the same names but collected from different villages did not always show a close genetic relationship,indicating misidentification of some varieties by local farmers. It is concluded from this study that conservation of genetic diversity in rice landraces is urgently necessary in Yunnan, given their high level of diversity, but an appropriate strategy needs to be followed to guarantee the effectiveness of conservation activities. Properly selected SSR primer pairs might provide an ideal method for identifying Indica and Japonica ecotypes for rice conservation and breeding programs.